Effects of the Local Environment and Nutritional Status on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Indonesia

Tri Bayu PURNAMA; Keita WAGATSUMA; Masdalina PANE; Reiko SAITO

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Effects of the Local Environment and Nutritional Status on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Indonesia

Author: Tri Bayu PURNAMA ¹ ; Keita WAGATSUMA ; Masdalina PANE ; Reiko SAITO
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1. Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
Publication Type:Original Article
From:Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2024;57(5):461-470
CountryRepublic of Korea
Language:English
Abstract: Objectives:This study aimed to map the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among under-5 children in Indonesia, address the triple burden of malnutrition, and analyze the impact of malnutrition on ARIs, taking into account the environmental and wealth disparities in Indonesia.
Methods:This study utilized an ecological design, analyzing aggregate data from the Indonesia Nutrition Survey, 2022. It encompassed 33 provinces and 486 districts/cities, involving a total of 334 878 children under 5 years of age. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships among wealth, environment, malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), and ARIs.
Results:The proportion of ARI cases in Indonesia was generally concentrated in central Sumatra, the western and eastern parts of Java, and eastern Papua. In contrast, the northern part of Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua had a higher proportion of malnutrition cases compared to other regions. Negative associations were found between malnutrition and ARIs (path coefficient =-0.072; p<0.01) and between wealth and environment (path coefficient =-0.633; p<0.001), malnutrition (path coefficient=-0.399; p<0.001), and ARIs (path coefficient=-0.918; p<0.001).
Conclusions:An increasing wealth index is expected to contribute to reducing ARIs, malnutrition and environmental burdens in the future. This study emphasizes the necessity for focused strategies that address both immediate health challenges and the underlying socioeconomic determinants to improve child health outcomes in the Indonesian context.