The Effects of The PD-1/PD-L1 Axis and Its Implications for Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
10.16476/j.pibb.2023.0434
- VernacularTitle:PD-1/PD-L1轴的作用及其在胃肠道肿瘤免疫治疗中的意义
- Author:
Xin CAO
1
;
Jin-Ping ZHANG
2
;
Li-Ying TU
1
;
Yun-Lian ZOU
2
Author Information
1. Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2. Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650100, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
PD-1;
PD-L1;
gastrointestinal tumors;
immunotherapy
- From:
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics
2024;51(8):1834-1847
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to regulate the immune response and maintain immune system homeostasis of the immune system. Through overexpression of PD-L1, tumor cells bind to PD-1 on the surface of immune cells, inhibiting the activity and function of immune cells, leading to immune escape of cancer cells and tumor progression. Gastrointestinal cancer is a common malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide, and the effectiveness of current systematic treatment options is limited. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have attracted much attention in cancer therapy. Immunotherapy has been incorporated into the treatment of some gastrointestinal malignancies. Different from traditional treatment, it uses various means to stimulate and enhance the immune function of the body to achieve the therapeutic purpose of controlling and eliminating tumor cells. However, although PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, the efficacy of single inhibitor therapy is limited, which may be due to the ability of tumors to escape immune attack through other pathways after inhibitor treatment, or the presence of other immunosuppressive factors. For example, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors can be combined with other immune checkpoint drugs, molecularly targeted drugs, or chemotherapy drugs to simultaneously act on different immune pathways and improve the comprehensive effect of immunotherapy. However, to achieve an effective combination therapy, we need to delve into the specific mechanisms of action of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the development and progression of gastrointestinal tumors, which can help to develop the best treatment strategy and provide individualized treatment options for the appropriate patient population. Therefore, future studies should focus on the regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 axis and evaluate the therapeutic effects of different treatment combinations on gastrointestinal tumors. In this paper, we review the research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumorigenicity and its mechanism, and review the single and combined treatment strategies of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in gastrointestinal tumors.
