Efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma.
10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20230331-00140
- Author:
Zhao Gan REN
1
;
Yu XU
2
;
Zhan qiang HUA
1
;
Zong Yi MO
1
;
Luo Wen WANG
1
;
Gen Bing SHI
1
;
Wan Lin LIU
1
;
Wei SUN
2
;
Bi Qiang ZHENG
2
;
Chun Meng WANG
2
;
Yong Jia JIN
1
;
Yong CHEN
2
Author Information
1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Electric Power Hospital, Shanghai 200050, China.
2. Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Efficacy;
Immunotherapy;
Melanoma;
Programmed cell death-1;
Relapse-free survival
- MeSH:
Humans;
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use*;
Apoptosis;
China;
Disease-Free Survival;
East Asian People;
Immunotherapy;
Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use*;
Lymphatic Metastasis;
Melanoma/pathology*;
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/therapeutic use*;
Skin Neoplasms/pathology*;
Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
- From:
Chinese Journal of Oncology
2023;45(11):973-980
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the efficacy of adjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in Chinese patients with resected stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ melanoma. Methods: A total of 296 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ cutaneous orlimb melanoma at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Shanghai Electric Power Hospital between 2017 and 2021 and received adjuvant PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, low-dose interferon (IFN), or observational follow-up were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (164 cases) and the IFN or observation group (IFN/OBS group, 132 cases) based on postoperative adjuvant treatment methods. Patients' disease recurrence and survival were observed. Results: Among the 296 patients, 77 had cutaneous melanoma and 219 had limb melanoma; 110 were stage Ⅱ and 186 were stage Ⅲ. Among stage Ⅱ patients, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (46 cases) did not reach, while the median RFS in the IFN/OBS group (64 cases) was 36 months. The 1-year RFS rates were 85.3% and 92.1% and the 2-year RFS rates were 71.9% and 63.7% in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.394). Among stage Ⅲ patients, the median RFS rates in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group (118 cases) and the IFN/OBS group (68 cases) were 23 and 13 months, respectively. The 1-year RFS rates were 70.0% and 51.8% and the 2-year RFS rates were 51.8% and 35.1%in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group and the IFN/OBS group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.010). Stratified analysis showed that the advantage of PD-1 monoclonal antibody adjuvant therapy in improving RFS persisted in the subgroups of primary ulceration (HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.348-0.893), lymph node macroscopic metastasis (HR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.285-0.828), stage ⅢC (HR=0.389, 95% CI: 0.24-0.63), and the subgroup without BRAF/c-Kit/NRAS gene mutations (HR=0.347, 95% CI: 0.171-0.706). In terms of recurrence patterns, in stage Ⅱ patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 15.2% (7/46) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, significantly lower than the IFN/OBS group [43.8% (28/64), P=0.002]. In stage Ⅲ melanoma patients, the recurrence and metastasis rate was 42.4% (50/118) in the PD-1 monoclonal antibody group, also lower than the IFN/OBS group [63.2% (43/68), P=0.006]. Conclusions: In real-world settings, compared with patients receiving low-dose IFN adjuvant therapy or observational follow-up, PD-1 monoclonal antibody immunotherapy can reduce the recurrence and metastasis rate of cutaneous and limb melanoma, and prolong the postoperative RFS of stage Ⅲ cutaneous and limb melanoma patients. Patients with a heavier tumor burden benefit more from immunotherapy.
