Comparison of Pain induced by injection of Local Anesthetic Solution warmed to Body Temperature versus at Room Temperature.
- Author:
Soon Joo WANG
;
Jae Hyung PARK
;
Jae Myung CHUNG
- Publication Type:Original Article
- MeSH:
Adult;
Arm;
Body Temperature*;
Forearm;
Heating;
Hot Temperature;
Humans;
Injections, Subcutaneous;
Lidocaine;
Needles;
Nursing;
Skin;
Students, Medical;
Subcutaneous Tissue;
Volunteers
- From:Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
1998;9(4):601-606
- CountryRepublic of Korea
- Language:Korean
-
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with local anesthetic solutions may cause transient pain and discomfort. Heating local anesthetic solutions to body temperature has been suggested as a way of reducing the pain associated with injection. We designed a double blind crossover volunteer study to investigate the effect of warming lidocaine on the pain associated with subcutaneous injection. METHODS: Participants were 40 healthy adult volunteers,22 years of age and older, and they were the medical, nursing stay and medical students. They underwent 1ml subcutaneous injections of the study agent through 25-gauge needles. Following a standard crossover protocol, 'room temperature' lidocaine(20degrees C ) was injected into one midvolar forearm and body temperature' lidocaine(37degrees C ) into the opposite arm. Pain assessed by visual analogue pain scores and 'volunteer's comparison of pain on injection. RESULTS: Twenty-six volunteers thought that lidocaine at 20degrees C was more painful and four thought that lidocaine at 37degrees C was more painful, ten volunteers did not express a difference. Median pain score for injection at 20 degrees C was 37 and at 37 degrees C was 35.5. Difference of two median scores was 6.5. CONCLUSION: The simple procedure of warming to body temperature reduced the pain associated with subcutaneous injection of lidocaine. It is an inexpensive and practical method That should be considered for routine use in the ED.
