Comparison of Wild and Cultivated Codonopsis pilosula Based onTraditional Quality Evaluation
10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240466
- VernacularTitle:基于传统品质评价的野生与栽培潞党参比较
- Author:
Xiaoyan LAN
1
;
Chunfang TIAN
1
;
Zhilai ZHAN
1
;
Li ZHOU
1
;
Xiang LI
1
;
Zidong QIU
1
;
Tiegui NAN
1
;
Qili YUAN
2
;
Xiaoliang LIN
3
;
Congkui TIAN
4
;
Meilan CHEN
1
;
Liping KANG
1
Author Information
1. National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica，State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Beijing 100700，China
2. Institute of TCM Health Industry，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences，Nanchang 330000，China
3. Infinitus（China） Co. Ltd.，Guangzhou 510663，China
4. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Selenium Resources Research and Biological Application， Hubei Minzu University，Enshi 445000，China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Codonopsis pilosula;
wild;
cultivated;
traditional quality evaluation;
characters;
microstructure;
chemical compositions
- From:
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
2024;30(14):156-164
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic comparative study on wild and cultivated Codonopsis pilosula（CP） from three aspects， including characters， microscopy， and contents of primary and secondary metabolites. MethodWild and cultivated CP samples were collected， their characters were measured using vernier caliper， tape measure and balance， the paraffin sections were stained with safranin-fixed green dyeing， and their microstructure were observed under the optical microscope. The content of alcohol-soluble extracts in wild and cultivated CP was determined according to the method for determination of extract under CP in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the starch content was determined by anthrone colorimetry， the content of total polysaccharides was determined by kit method， Fiber analyzer was used to determine the content of fiber components， and ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） was used to determine the content of monosaccharides， disaccharides and some secondary metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were employed to screen key differential components between wild and cultivated CP on the basis of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. ResultIn terms of morphological characteristics， the "lion's head-like" shape， longitudinal wrinkles， and circumferential wrinkles below the root cap of wild CP were more pronounced in wild CP compared to the cultivated ones. Regarding transverse sectional features， wild CP had more fissures on the outer side of the cortex and a larger duramen. Under microscopic examination， wild CP had more stone cells， a larger proportion of xylem， and the presence of cork cells arranged in rings in the xylem， while cultivated CP has a larger proportion of phloem， smaller vessel diameters， and a more loosely arranged vascular system. In terms of primary metabolites， the contents of 45% ethanol-soluble extract and total polysaccharides in cultivated CP were significantly higher than those in the wild ones（P<0.05）， the contents of lignin， hemicellulose， cellulose， fructose and glucose in wild CP were significantly higher than those in the cultivated ones（P<0.05）， while sucrose content in the cultivated CP was significantly higher than that in the wild ones（P<0.05）. Concerning secondary metabolites， the contents of tryptophan and tangshenoside Ⅰ in cultivated CP were significantly higher than those in the wild ones（P<0.05）， whereas the contents of lobetyolinin， lobetyol and atractylenolide Ⅲ in wild CP were significantly higher than those in the cultivated ones（P<0.05）. ConclusionThere are significant differences between wild and cultivated CP in terms of morphological characteristics， microscopic features and chemical composition. Glucose， fructose， sucrose， tangshenoside Ⅰ， tryptophan and cellulose components are the key differential components between wild and cultivated CP. Wild CP contains more polyacetylenes and fructose， whereas cultivated CP has higher levels of tangshenoside Ⅰ and sucrose， with noticeably lower cellulose content. These distinctions may be related to their growth conditions， growth years and cultivation techniques. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended to increase polyacetylenes and the content ratio of fructose to sucrose as an indicators to characterize different production methods of CP， in order to guide the high-quality production of CP.
