A descriptive study on the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis co-infection
https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.7855
- Author:
Jubert P. Benedicto
1
;
Enrick Joshua M. Cruz
1
;
Milraam L. Quinto
1
Author Information
1. Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- MeSH:
Tuberculosis;
COVID-19;
Coinfection
- From:
Acta Medica Philippina
2024;58(8):42-49
- CountryPhilippines
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Background:Tuberculosis (TB) control has been a challenge in the country and its overall health impact remains significant. COVID-19 has caused significant morbidity and mortality especially among hospitalized patients. TB and COVID-19 co-infection (COVID-TB) may cause more catastrophic consequences and outcomes among afflicted individuals and management may be daunting. There is limited local data on COVID-TB.
Objectives:The clinical profile of COVID-TB patients who were admitted were described. Comparison of the clinical outcomes was also done versus the general admitted COVID-19 patients without concomitant TB in the same institution. Relevant patient outcomes were reported which included admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), length of hospital stay, and mortality rate.
Methods:This is a descriptive study on the demographics and clinical outcomes of patients admitted in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) for COVID-19 with TB co-infection from March 2020 to September 2020. We aimed to characterize patients with COVID-TB and analyzed their outcomes.
Results:There was a total of 79 patients who were admitted for COVID-19 (confirmed with RT-PCR) with TB coinfection during the study period. Majority of them were males (70.9%) with a median age of 54 (IQR 42 to 64) years. In terms of TB affliction, 75 (94.9%) patients were identified to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Majority of patients had at least one co-morbid illness with hypertension (16.5%), diabetes mellitus (13.9%), and heart failure (11.4%) as the most common. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea and cough) were the predominant presenting complaint during hospital admission. Majority of the patients were classified as severe (8 or 10.1%) and critical (36 or 45.57%) COVID-19 disease. Fifty-six (70.9%) were bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. Radiologic imaging studies revealed findings consistent with pulmonary tuberculosis in 70 (88.61%) through plain radiograph. Forty-seven underwent HRCT and 46 of these (97.8%) had findings suggestive of PTB. Overall, 61 patients (77%) subsequently required oxygen supplementation. The in-hospital mortality within the study population was 36.7% (29/79) in contrast to the general COVID patients admitted in the same period which revealed significantly less fatality at 17.5% (35/200). The length of hospital stay was found to be 21.1 days ± 14.75 days across all study patients, and with median of 20 days for surviving patients. TB treatment outcomes were tracked in the 50 surviving COVID-19 patients where cure was declared in 8/50 (16%) while 22/50 (44%) successfully completed their six-month treatment regimen.
Conclusions:This study of COVID-TB provides an initial evaluation of the potential association between active TB infection and COVID-19 severity and mortality. The data generated from this study may be a starting point to assess the interaction of these two diseases. Furthermore, bidirectional screening may be recommended even at hospitals’ triage areas since both diseases may have similar presentations.
- Full text:20240607180608292417855-Article Text-113719-2-10-20240515 (1).pdf
