Foeniculum vulgare Mill. inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation and ameliorates neuroinflammation-mediated behavioral deficits in mice

Sushruta Koppula; Ramesh Alluri; Spandana Rajendra Kopalli

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Foeniculum vulgare Mill. inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation and ameliorates neuroinflammation-mediated behavioral deficits in mice

Author: Sushruta Koppula ¹ ; Ramesh Alluri ² ; Spandana Rajendra Kopalli ³
Author Information

1. College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do, 27478, Republic of Korea
2. Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur,Telangana, 502313, India
3. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare; Microglia; Lipopolysaccharide; Antioxidant; Neuroinflammation; MAPK signaling; Cognitionmation; Cytokines; Coumarin; Eugenol; NLRP3; LPS
From:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024;14(1):28-39
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of Foeniculum vulgare extract against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation in vitro as well as cognitive behavioral deficits in mice. Methods: LPS-activated BV-2 cell viability was measured using MTT assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied using DCF-DA assay. The antioxidative enzymes and pro-inflammatory mediators were analyzed using respective ELISA kits and Western blotting. For in vivo testing, LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p. ) was given daily for five days in male Swiss albino mice to produce chronic neuroinflammation. Cognitive and behavioral tests were performed using open-field, passive avoidance, and rotarod experiments in LPS-induced mice. Results: Foeniculum vulgare extract (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) significantly attenuated the LPS-activated increase in nitric oxide (NO), ROS, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NO synthase, IL-6, and TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). Moreover, LPS-induced oxidative stress and reduced antioxidative enzyme levels were significantly improved by Foeniculum vulgare extract (P < 0.05). The extract also regulated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in BV-2 cells. In an in vivo study, Foeniculum vulgare extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) markedly mitigated the LPS-induced cognitive and locomotor impairments in mice. The fingerprinting analysis showed distinctive peaks with rutin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and anethole as identifiable compounds. Conclusions: Foeniculum vulgare extract can ameliorate LPS-stimulated neuroinflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells and improve cognitive and locomotor performance in LPS-administered mice.
Full text:20240104.pdf