Phylogenetic, phylogeographic and divergence time analysis of Anopheles subpictus species complex using ITS2 and COI sequences
10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_790_23
- Author:
Lihini Sandaleka Muthukumarana
1
;
Methsala Madurangi Wedage
1
;
Samanthika Rathnayake
1
Author Information
1. 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Molecular systematics;
ITS2;
COI;
DNA sequences;
Phylogeny;
Phylogeography
- From:
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
2024;17(5):214-225
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Objective: To address the phylogenetic and phylogeographic
relationship between different lineages of Anopheles (An.) subpictus
species complex in most parts of the Asian continent by maximum
utilization of Internal Transcriber Spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome C
oxidase I (COI) sequences deposited at the GenBank.
Methods: Seventy-five ITS2, 210 COI and 26 concatenated
sequences available in the NCBI database were used. Phylogenetic
analysis was performed using Bayesian likelihood trees, whereas
median-joining haplotype networks and time-scale divergence trees
were generated for phylogeographic analysis. Genetic diversity
indices and genetic differentiation were also calculated.
Results: Two genetically divergent molecular forms of An. subpictus
species complex corresponding to sibling species A and B are
established. Species A evolved around 37-82 million years ago
in Sri Lanka, India, and the Netherlands, and species B evolved
around 22-79 million years ago in Sri Lanka, India, and Myanmar.
Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia have two molecular forms: one
is phylogenetically similar to species B. Other forms differ from
species A and B and evolved recently in the above mentioned
countries, Indonesia and the Philippines. Genetic subdivision among
Sri Lanka, India, and the Netherlands is almost absent. A substantial
genetic differentiation was obtained for some populations due to
isolation by large geographical distances. Genetic diversity indices
reveal the presence of a long-established stable mosquito population,
at mutation-drift equilibrium, regardless of population fluctuations.
Conclusions: An. subpictus species complex consists of more than
two genetically divergent molecular forms. Species A is highly
divergent from the rest. Sri Lanka and India contain only species A
and B.
- Full text:214-225(apjtm_790_23)3.pdf
