Diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplant recipients infected with novel coronavirus Omicron variant: a single-center experience of 181 cases
10.3760/cma.j.cn421203-20230523-00112
- VernacularTitle:肾移植受者新型冠状病毒奥密克戎变异株感染181例单中心临床诊治经验
- Author:
Gang LI
1
;
Zhongwei SUN
;
Junjie XIE
;
Zhijie BAI
;
Shaoshuai JI
;
Fenwang LIN
;
Bolun ZHANG
;
Yi SHI
;
Lixin YU
;
Junsheng YE
Author Information
1. 清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院器官移植中心肾移植科，清华大学临床医学院，北京 102218
- Keywords:
Kidney transplantation;
SARS-CoV-2;
Critical illness;
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir;
Azvudine
- From:
Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation
2023;44(10):628-634
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
Objective:To explore the risk factors associated with the clinical progression of COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant(KT)recipients during the spread of Omicron variant and evaluate the effectiveness of anti-RNA virus agents in blocking the clinical progression of COVID-19 in these recipients.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted for the clinical data on COVID-19 infection in 232 KT recipients followed up from December 4, 2022 to January 31, 2023 at Department of Renal Transplantation, Organ Transplantation Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital.Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and stable kidney function without renal replacement therapy.The follow-up time was 30 days after COVID-19 infection.Based upon whether or not there was an infection of COVID-19, KT recipients were divided into two groups of infection(181 cases)and non-infection(51 cases). In infection group, recipients were further assigned into two sub-groups of disease progression(n=23)and stable(158 cases)according to whether or not there was a progression to severe disease.Various factors such as gender, age, body mass index(BMI), time after transplantation, underlying diseases(history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease & chronic lung disease), smoking history and dosing of anti-RNA virus agents were collected.Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method was utilized for examining enumeration data while Mann-Whitney U test for measurement data.Univariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted and variables with P<0.05 were included into multifactorial Logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for clinical progression of COVID-19 infection in KT recipients. Results:Among 232 KT recipients, infection rate of COVID-19 was 78.0%(181/232). The clinical classification was mild(112 cases), moderate(46 cases), severe(21 cases)and critical(n=2 cases). The severe rate was 12.7%(23/181). After infection with COVID-19, the proportion of KT recipients aged ≥65 years progressing from mild/moderate to severe was higher than those aged<65 years[38.5%(5/13)vs 10.7%(18/168)]. The difference was statistically significant( P=0.014); The proportion of diabetic KT recipients progressing from mild/moderate to severe was higher than those without diabetes[19.1%(13/68)vs 8.8%(10/113)]. The difference was statistically significant( P=0.045). Univariate Logistic analysis showed similar results.Age≥65 years( OR=5.21, 95% CI: 1.54-17.64, P=0.008)or diabetes mellitus( OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.003-5.911, P=0.049)were the risk factors for COVID-19 infection recipients progressing from mild/moderate to severe disease.Multivariate Logistic analysis revealed that age ≥65 years( OR=4.03, 95% CI: 1.14-14.34, P=0.031)was an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection recipients progressing from mild/moderate to severe.Among 181 cases of COVID-19 mild/medium infected patients, 18 cases received nimativir/ritonavir and 10 cases had azvudine for anti-RNA virus treatment.However, none of them progressed to severe; 153 cases did not use anti-RNA virus drugs and 23 cases(15.0%)progressed to severe disease and the difference was statistically significant( P=0.028). Among 23 severe cases, 14 cases received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and 2 cases had azivudine for anti-RNA virus treatment.The former did not progress to critical disease while 1 case in the latter progressed to critical illness and death; 1/7 recipients not using anti-RNA virus agents progressed to critical illness and died while another 6 cases did not progress to critical illness. Conclusions:KT recipients aged ≥65 years or diabetes mellitus have a greater risk of progression from mild/moderate to severe disease after COVID-19 infection.Among them, age ≥65 years is an independent risk factor for patients with COVID-19 infection to progress from mild/moderate to severe.Antiviral treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or azivudine in KT recipients during mild/moderate stage of COVID-19 infection can significantly reduce the rate of severe disease.Treatment with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir is still effective in the severe stage.
