Risk assessment of cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents based on different dietary exposure assessment methods
10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2024.23435
- VernacularTitle:不同膳食暴露评估方法在上海市居民镉暴露风险评估中的应用
- Author:
Hua CAI
1
;
Baozhang LUO
1
;
Luxin QIN
1
;
Danping QIU
1
;
Jingjin YANG
1
;
Xia SONG
1
;
Biyao XU
1
;
Zhenni ZHU
1
;
Hong LIU
1
;
Chunfeng WU
1
Author Information
1. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Shanghai 200336， China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
cadmium;
dietary exposure;
total diet study;
food frequency questionnaire;
risk assessment
- From:
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
2024;36(3):224-229
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo conduct comprehensive assessment of internal and external cadmium exposure and health risks for Shanghai residents. MethodsCadmium levels in food samples were calculated by employing two dietary exposure assessment methods， total diet study （TDS） and food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）， to estimate the daily dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai residents. The provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） of cadmium set by joint food and agriculture organization/WHO expert committee on food additives （JECFA） was applied to evaluate the health risk. Differences in dietary and urinary cadmium were compared by rank-sum test among different regions， age， gender， smoking status， and BMI groups， and the association between internal and external cadmium exposure was investigated by correlation analysis. ResultsThe mean value of urinary cadmium for 1 300 respondents was 0.542 μg·L-1. Urinary cadmium was higher in the population in central urban and urban-rural fringe areas than in the suburban area， higher in the older age group than in the younger age group， and higher in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group （all P<0.01）. The two assessment methods showed that the mean values of daily dietary cadmium exposure for Shanghai residents were 0.306 and 0.090 μg·kg-1， with 3.69% and 0.85% of Shanghai residents exceeding the PTMI， respectively. Correlation analyses showed that dietary exposure to cadmium based on the FFQ method was positively correlated with the urinary cadmium level when smoking status， age， gender， and BMI were adjusted. ConclusionDietary exposure to cadmium of Shanghai residents is mainly derived from vegetables， aquatic products， cereals and potatoes， and is overall at a low-risk level. Dietary exposure assessment based on FFQ and risk monitoring data can effectively estimate long-term cadmium exposure.
