Characteristics and relationship between the development of gross motor skills and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.01.001
- VernacularTitle:注意缺陷多动障碍儿童粗大动作技能与执行功能发展的特点及关系
- Author:
Yiling SONG
1
;
Yuanchun REN
1
;
Feilong ZHU
1
;
Dongqing KUANG
1
;
Qingjiu CAO
2
;
Yang LIN
3
;
Fang WANG
3
Author Information
1. College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
3. Beijing Haidian Wanquan Primary School, Beijing 100097, China
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
gross motor skill;
executive function;
motor development;
children
- From:
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice
2024;30(1):1-9
- CountryChina
- Language:Chinese
-
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the developmental characteristics of gross motor skills and executive functions, and the correlation between them in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MethodsFrom November, 2020 to May, 2021, 90 children with ADHD were recruited from Peking University Sixth Hospital and Beijing Haidian Wanquan Primary School, and other 90 children with normal development from this primary school were recruited matched their age and gender. Gross motor skills were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development in Children, Third Edition (TGMD-3), and inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were assessed with Stroop Color Words Test (SCWT), Rey-Osterrich Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) and Trail Making Test (TMT), respectively. ResultsThe TGMD-3 score was significantly lower in children with ADHD than in normal children (t = -6.275, P < 0.001), while the test results of SCWT, ROCFT and TMT were worse (|t| ≥ 1.986, P ≤ 0.05). The TGMD-3 score of children with ADHD was negatively correlated with the word sense reaction time (r = -0.261), the number of word sense errors (r = -0.404) and the number of color errors (r = -0.326) (P < 0.05), positively correlated with the delayed structural memory scores (r = 0.228) (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the TMT-A reaction time (r = -0.255), the number of TMT-A errors (r = -0.329), TMT-B reaction time (r = -0.214) and the number of TMT-B errors (r = -0.474) (P < 0.05). Stratified linear regression analyses showed that the TGMD-3 score of children with ADHD was significant only in predicting test results for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility (P < 0.05), with explanations of 8.7% and 22.5%, respectively. ConclusionDevelopments of both gross motor skills and executive function delay in children with ADHD, and there is a relation between them, especially the level of gross motor skills relating to the developments of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility.
