Microbial sensing in the intestine.

Tingting Wan; Yalong Wang; Kaixin HE; Shu Zhu

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Microbial sensing in the intestine.

Author: Tingting WAN ¹ ; Yalong WANG ¹ ; Kaixin HE ¹ ; Shu ZHU ¹
Author Information

1. Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: enteric viruses; gut microbiota; immune cells; inflammatory bowel disease; intestinal epithelial cells; mucosal immunology; pattern recognition receptors; protein-coupled receptors
MeSH: Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Immune System; Intestines
From: Protein & Cell 2023;14(11):824-860
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease, particularly through their interactions with the immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is dependent on the symbiotic relationships between the host and the diverse gut microbiota, which is influenced by the highly co-evolved immune-microbiota interactions. The first step of the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota is the sensing of the gut microbes by the host immune system. In this review, we describe the cells of the host immune system and the proteins that sense the components and metabolites of the gut microbes. We further highlight the essential roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the nuclear receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the intestine-resident immune cells. We also discuss the mechanisms by which the disruption of microbial sensing because of genetic or environmental factors causes human diseases such as the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).