Novel ractopamine-protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed.

Pattarachaya Preechakasedkit; Nattaya Ngamrojanavanich; Nanthika Khongchareonporn; Orawon Chailapakul

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Novel ractopamine-protein carrier conjugation and its application to the lateral flow strip test for ractopamine detection in animal feed.

Author: Pattarachaya PREECHAKASEDKIT ¹ ; Nattaya NGAMROJANAVANICH ² ; Nanthika KHONGCHAREONPORN ³ ; Orawon CHAILAPAKUL ²
Author Information

1. Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
2. Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
3. The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Ractopamine; Conjugate of ractopamine and bovine serum albumin (RAC–BSA); Mannich reaction; Lateral flow strip test; Feed additive
MeSH: Animal Feed/analysis*; Animals; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods*; Limit of Detection; Phenethylamines/chemistry*; Reagent Strips; Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry*; Swine
From: Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2019;20(2):193-204
CountryChina
Language:English
Abstract: In this work, a novel conjugate of ractopamine and bovine serum albumin (RAC-BSA) has been developed via the Mannich reaction, with a mole coupling ratio for RAC-BSA of 9:1. The proposed conjugation method provides a simple and one-step method with the use of fewer reagents compared with other conjugation methods for competitive immunoassays. RAC-BSA conjugation was used to fabricate a competitive lateral flow strip test for RAC detection in animal feed. For sample preparation, RAC was spiked in swine feed purchased from the local markets in Thailand, and methanol and running buffer at a volume ratio of 10:90 was used as extraction buffer. The procedures for sample preparation were completed within 25 min. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), assessed by the naked eye within 5 min, was found to be 1 ng/g. A semi-quantitative analysis was also conducted using a smart phone and computer software, with a linearity of 0.075-0.750 ng/g, calculated LOD of 0.10 ng/g, calculated limit of quantitation of 0.33 ng/g, and good correlation of 0.992. The recoveries were found in the range of 96.4%-103.7% with a relative standard deviation of 2.5%-3.6% for intra- and inter-assays. Comparison of the results obtained by the strip test with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay had a good agreement in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, this strip test exhibited highly specific RAC detection without cross reactivity with related compounds. Therefore, the RAC-BSA conjugation via the Mannich reaction can be accepted as a one-step and easy conjugation method and applied to the competitive lateral flow strip test.