Research progress in mRNA drug modification and delivery systems.
10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0101
- Author:
Zhengjie ZHOU
1
;
Xin LI
2
Author Information
1. Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA. zhouzhj09@uchicago.edu.
2. The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center for RNA Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 322000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Publication Type:Journal Article
- Keywords:
Chemical modification;
Drug delivery system;
Messenger RNA;
Nanodrug delivery system;
Nucleic acid;
RNA targeting;
Review
- MeSH:
RNA, Messenger/genetics*;
Cytoplasm;
Nanoparticles;
Precision Medicine
- From:
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences
2023;52(4):439-450
- CountryChina
- Language:English
-
Abstract:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has shown tremendous potential in disease prevention and therapy. The clinical application requires mRNA with enhanced stability and high translation efficiency, ensuring it not to be degraded by nucleases and targeting to specific tissues and cells. mRNA immunogenicity can be reduced by nucleotide modification, and translation efficiency can be enhanced by codon optimization. The 5´ capping structure and 3´ poly A increase mRNA stability, and the addition of 5' and 3' non-translational regions regulate mRNA translation initiation and protein production. Nanoparticle delivery system protects mRNA from degradation by ubiquitous nucleases, enhances mRNA concentration in circulation and assists it cytoplasmic entrance for the purpose of treatment and prevention. Here, we review the recent advances of mRNA technology, discuss the methods and principles to enhance mRNA stability and translation efficiency; summarize the requirements involved in designing mRNA delivery systems with the potential for industrial translation and biomedical application. Furthermore, we provide insights into future directions of mRNA therapeutics to meet the needs for personalized precision medicine.
