Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of <i>Spirulina</i>-chitooligosaccharides capable of inhibiting biofilms.

Ruijie Sun; Tong XU; Yangyang Liu; Liming Zhang; Siming Jiao; Yuchen Zhang; Xiaodong Gao; Zhuo Wang; Yuguang DU

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Preparation, characterization and activity evaluation of Spirulina-chitooligosaccharides capable of inhibiting biofilms.

Author: Ruijie SUN ¹ ; Tong XU ² ; Yangyang LIU ¹ ; Liming ZHANG ² ; Siming JIAO ² ; Yuchen ZHANG ² ; Xiaodong GAO ¹ ; Zhuo WANG ² ; Yuguang DU ²
Author Information

1. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
2. State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
Publication Type:Journal Article
Keywords: Spirulina; anti-biofilm; biofilm; chitooligosaccharides; microalga
MeSH: Humans; Spirulina; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry*; Chitosan/pharmacology*; Biofilms; Chitin/pharmacology*
From: Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2023;39(10):4135-4149
CountryChina
Language:Chinese
Abstract: The biofilms formed by pathogenic microorganisms seriously threaten human health and significantly enhance drug resistance, which urgently call for developing drugs specifically targeting on biofilms. Chitooligosaccharides extracted from shrimp and crab shells are natural alkaline oligosaccharides with excellent antibacterial effects. Nevertheless, their inhibition efficacy on biofilms still needs to be improved. Spirulina (SP) is a microalga with negatively charged surface, and its spiral structure facilitates colonization in the depth of the biofilm. Therefore, the complex of Spirulina and chitooligosaccharides may play a synergistic role in killing pathogens in the depth of biofilm. This research first screened chitooligosaccharides with significant bactericidal effects. Subsequently, Spirulina@Chitooligosaccharides (SP@COS complex was prepared by combining chitooligosaccharides with Spirulina through electrostatic adsorption. The binding of the complex was characterized by zeta potential, z-average size, and fluorescence labeling. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed the encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading efficiency reached up to 90% and 16%, respectively. The prepared SP@COS2 exhibited a profound synergistic inhibition effect on bacterial and fungal biofilms, which was mainly achieved by destroying the cell structure of the biofilm. These results demonstrate the potential of Spirulina-chitooligosaccharides complex as a biofilm inhibitor and provide a new idea for addressing the harm of pathogenic microorganisms.