No abstract available.
Synaptic Transmission*

A community based study was realized from 1996 to 1998 on 400 school children in An Phu district (an outbreak occurred in 1994) and Tan chau district (control district), An Giang province. After 3 years of follow up the results showed that the HEV prevalence in school children was not a high. Prevalence of HEV infection was 21.6% (in An Phu) and 8% (in Tan Chau). Sero-conversion rate in An Phu and in Tan Chau after 1 year of follow-up was 0.7% and 1.2%, and after 2 years was 5.1% and 1.9% respectively. Prevalence of HEV infection of family members of HEV(+) school-children was 14.7%, while this prevalence of HEV(-) school-children was 5.9% living together in the same household might be one of risk factors for HEV transmission. Against a background of low anti-HEV prevalence, and low sero-conversion in an area of previous outbreak occurrence, the potential of epidemic transmission among a 'succeptible population' remains high, particularly in flooding season
Hepatitis E ; transmission ; child

Over the past years, malaria situation in Thua Thien – Hue province has much been improved. The inner malaria prevalence has basically been controlled with the low local transmission in the endemic areas. However, maintenance of the achieved results are facing lots of challenges including unorganized migration of population and illegal border-crossing business. To overcome these difficulties, during the period 2001-2003 the malaria surveillance in 12 communes, along the Vietnamese-Lao border was strengthened with the active participation of both civilian and military health services by Malaria Protection Center of Thua Thien – Hue province
Malaria ; epidemiology ; transmission

HIV Infections ; transmission ; Humans

Hair* ; Synaptic Transmission*

Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Mycoplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission

Study 3 representative districts of Ho Chi Minh city on number of people and the risk of acquiring HIV. The result shows some factors relating to high risk of acquiring HIV: 75,8% HIV found in drug addicted persons, especially the number of prostitute using drug tends to increase, and risker is easy and depraved life including using the same injection needle and do not use comdon when clients order. Besides, other factors include street children with the age of 10 to 19, construction workers. Therefore, there is a need to improve the awareness and practice skills to change behaviors leading to high level of acquiring HIV. And enhance the capacity of staff and their profession and skills in managing, caring, consulting and treating HIV-infected persons
HIV ; transmission ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: Cau Giay is a district within Hanoi city, where diverse people live. Motorbike Taxi Drivers (MTDs) are at high-risk of HIV infection. Objectives: To study the knowledge, attitude and HIV transmission behaviors among MTDs in Cau Giay district. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and October 2007 on 250 MTDs who worked at Cau Giay district. Results and conclusions:30.4% MTDs perceived that HIV could not be transmitted to others via sharing nail clippers or scissors with HIV infected people, 42% believed HIV can transmit via mosquito bites, 72% thought the rate of the HIV transmission from mother to child was 100%, 40% were aware that HIV could be recognized from people's appearance. Only 26.5% of the respondents were aware of the 3 main effects of condom use (including prevention from pregnancy, STls and HIV). 83.2% considered HIV/AIDS infected people as social evils such as injecting drug users, Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs). 23.2% MTDs showed are agreeable when being asked to look for CSWs by customers. 12% MTDs agreed to seek out drugs when the customers requested. The survey also reveals that there were 49.2% of MTDs having sex with CSWs within the last 6 months, of which, 58.2% did not regularly practice safe sex with CSWs. Some risk factors included low level of education, time of being MTD >3 years, low income (less than 2,000,000 VND a month), less frequent appraisal books and newspapers. MTDs that were ready to look for CSWs and drugs via customers\u2019 requests also had high risk of using drugs as well as unsafe sex.
HIV transmission knowledge ; HIV transmission attitude ; HIV transmission behavior ; motorbike taxi driver

The incidence of mother to new born transmission of HBV at birth and breath nursing period is very high, about 45% and 40% respectively. The mother who are also positive HBeAg are in highest risk to transmit HBV to newborn. All HBV makers, seen in mother serum, could be found out from cord blood. The new born with positive HBsAg are in high risk to be chronic carrier for HBV. These data show that, it is very essential to detect HBsAg from mother and then indicate early vaccination to newborn whose mother is positive HBsAg. This has benefit not only to people health care but protection to safe blood donor in the future.
Blood Donors ; Transmission ; Mothers ; Newborn ; HB-VAX

In Vietnam we have been screening 5 blood transmitted diseases: HBV, HCV, HIV, malaria and syphilis. In order to get safe blood for patients since 1994 we have concentrated in 3 issues: voluntary blood donation program, screening blood transmitted diseases in all hospitals (from central to district hospitals-85 central and provincial hospitals and 430 district hospitals), production of safe blood components and effective clinical blood use. The result: in 1999 all blood banks in Vietnam perform screening HIV for 100% blood products; in 2001 all hospital use 100% blood products screened for HBV, HCV, HIV. More than 840 donors with anti-HIV(+) were excluded. Until now only 1 case of HIV in the window period. This result has been reported so far due to the blood collection in the window period. This result also shows the effectiveness of the prevention program for HIV/AIDS in blood transfusion practice.
Blood Donors ; Transmission ; HB-VAX ; HIV