No abstract available.
Semen*

No abstract available.
Semen*

No abstract available.
Semen Analysis* ; Semen*

No abstract available.
Semen Analysis* ; Semen*

Nowadays, there is high rate of infertile couples in population. For improving living quality, therefore some one has to take care of these couples. Infertility is defined as lack of conception after at list 12 months of unprotected intercourse. For investigating and diagnosing infertile couples, semen analysis is necessary. 446 semen samples in 420 male partners were analyzed we found that in infertile couples, 56% male partners had semen abnormality low motility 31.9%, oligospermia 16.43%, low viability 25.5%, teratozoospermia 14.05%, azoospermia 10.24%.
Semen ; Men

Infertility is defined as lack of conception after at list 12 months of unprotected intercourse. For investigating and diagnosing infertile couples, semen analysis is necessary. Find out the reason of infertility is an important thing we need to do. In order to investigate harmful effects of some environmental factors, we have carried out this study. 466 semen samples in 420 male partners were analyzed basing on their jobs, we found that high ratio of azoospermia had been found in male partners who used to contact with high temperature. Low ratio of living spermatozoid had been found in male partners who used to contact with chemical substances and in the functionaries
Infertility ; Semen

Male ; Humans ; Semen Analysis ; Semen ; Infertility, Male

Up to day, there was no definite report in hormonal changes in serum and seminal plasma which might be affected by vasectomy. In order to clarify the controversy regarding hormonal change in normal, vasectomy and vasovasostomy, author has observed LH, FSH and Testosterone in seminal plasma as follow; l. The LH and FSH level has been shown decrease comparison with control group after vasectomy 2. The LH level has been rising with vasovasostomy. 3. The FSH level was some increased after vasovasostomy, but which is not statistically significant. 4. The Testosterone has not been shown any change with vasectomy and vasovasostomy.
Semen* ; Testosterone* ; Vasectomy* ; Vasovasostomy*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of sperm morphology analysis using strict criteria to compare the difference in the percentages of normal and amorphous morphology as seen by two staining methods (Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou)with the eventual goal of developing a computer-assisted sperm morphology assessment system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen samples were obtained from 10 volunteers and stained by the Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou staining methods. Under 1000-fold oil-immersion magnification, the slides were examined by two experienced observers, and the screens were transferred to the monitor using a CCD camera. A calibrated transparent overlay was used to distinguish between normal and abnormal morphology according to strict criteria. One hundred spermatozoa for each sample were analyzed by two experienced observers. RESULTS: In Diff-Quik staining, intraobserver and interobserver correlation coefficients for normal and amorphous sperm were 0.862 (p<0.05), 0.916 (p<0.05) and 0.857 (p<0.05), 0.890 (p<0.05), respectively. In Papanicolaou staining, intraobserver correlation coefficients for normal and amorphous sperm were 0.832 (p<.05), 0.877 (p<0.05) and 0.846 (p<0.05) and 0.865 (p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing normal and abnormal spem abnormal sperm morphology using strict criteria produces reproducible results between and within observers. Also, there were good correlations between the two staining methods in assessing normal and amorphous morphology. This study presents the basic data for the development of computer-assisted sperm morphology assessment system. New techniques should be developed to analyze amorphous sperm.
Semen ; Spermatozoa* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of sperm morphology analysis using strict criteria to compare the difference in the percentages of normal and amorphous morphology as seen by two staining methods (Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou)with the eventual goal of developing a computer-assisted sperm morphology assessment system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen samples were obtained from 10 volunteers and stained by the Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou staining methods. Under 1000-fold oil-immersion magnification, the slides were examined by two experienced observers, and the screens were transferred to the monitor using a CCD camera. A calibrated transparent overlay was used to distinguish between normal and abnormal morphology according to strict criteria. One hundred spermatozoa for each sample were analyzed by two experienced observers. RESULTS: In Diff-Quik staining, intraobserver and interobserver correlation coefficients for normal and amorphous sperm were 0.862 (p<0.05), 0.916 (p<0.05) and 0.857 (p<0.05), 0.890 (p<0.05), respectively. In Papanicolaou staining, intraobserver correlation coefficients for normal and amorphous sperm were 0.832 (p<.05), 0.877 (p<0.05) and 0.846 (p<0.05) and 0.865 (p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing normal and abnormal spem abnormal sperm morphology using strict criteria produces reproducible results between and within observers. Also, there were good correlations between the two staining methods in assessing normal and amorphous morphology. This study presents the basic data for the development of computer-assisted sperm morphology assessment system. New techniques should be developed to analyze amorphous sperm.
Semen ; Spermatozoa* ; Volunteers