No abstract available.
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No abstract available.
Risk Factors*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the plasma level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and several known risk factors influencing outcomes after Fontan operations, and to assess whether pro-BNP levels can be used as predictive risk factors in Fontan operations. METHODS: Plasma pro-BNP concentrations were measured in 35 patients with complex cardiac anomalies before catheterization. Cardiac catheterization was performed in all subjects. Mean right atrium pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) were obtained. Cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance were calculated by Fick method. RESULTS: Plasma pro-BNP levels exhibited statistically significant positive correlations with mean PAP (r=0.70, P< 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (r=0.57, P< 0.001), RVEDP (r=0.63, P< 0.001), LVEDP (r=0.74, P< 0.001), and cardiothoracic ratio (r=0.71, P< 0.001). The area under the ROC curve using pro-BNP level to differentiate risk groups in Fontan operations was high: 0.868 (95 percent CI, 0.712-1.023, P< 0.01). The cutoff value of pro-BNP concentrations for the detection of risk groups in Fontan operations was determined to be 332.4 pg/mL (sensitivity 83.3 percent, specificity 82.7 percent). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that plasma pro-BNP levels may be used as a predictive risk factor in Fontan operations, and as a guide to determine the mode of therapy during follow-up after Fontan operations.
Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Risk Factors

PURPOSE: Iron accumulation interferes with hepatic insulin extraction and affects insulin synthesis and secretion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum ferritin and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We compared the serum ferritin level among 18 patients in an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) group, 36 in a type 1 diabetes group, eight in a type 2 diabetes group and 29 in a healthy control group. The correlation between serum ferritin levels and sex, body mass indices (BMI), blood pressure (BP), serum fasting sugar level and serum fasting insulin level were also analyzed. RESULTS: The mean log ferritin were 1.33+/-0.32 (healthy control group), 1.63+/-0.19 (IGT group) and 1.90+/-0.30 (type 2 diabetes group). In the IGT group, log ferritin was higher than in the healthy control group (P=0.001). The log ferritin of the type 2 diabetes group was higher than that of the healthy control group (P=0.001). Comparing log ferritin to other factors, log ferritin had a significant positive correlation with body mass indices (P< 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P=0.001), and fasting glucose (P= 0.001), fasting insulin (P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Compared to the normal healthy group, serum ferritin concentrations were significantly higher in the IGT group and the type 2 diabetes group. The elevation of serum ferritin concentration may be a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Risk Factors

No abstract available.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, represents a spectrum of disease including steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and irreversible cirrhosis. Although a "benign" condition, NAFLD is a risk factor eventually leading to fibrosis and to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A number of evidences support an association between NAFLD/NASH and metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and metabolic syndrome seems to have common pathophysiological mechanisms, with focus on insulin resistance as a key factor. This review discusses the new aspects of NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis, and anticipate that such knowledge will eventually serve to the deveolpment of novel treatment strategies for this disease.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study compared the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) with that of electrocoagulation for treating non-variceal, non-ulcer (NVNU) upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding. METHODS: This study included 89 patients who underwent EBL and 56 patients in whom monopolar electrocoagulation was performed for NVNU UGI bleeding. The lesions treated were Mallory-Weiss tear in 91 patients, Dieulafoy's lesion in 42 patients and angiodysplasia in 12 patients. RESULTS: The initial hemostatic rate was 97% in the EBL group and 91% in the electrocoagulation group, but this was not statistically different. Rebleeding occurred in 5 of 89 patients (5.6%) in the EBL group and in 8 of 56 patients (14.3%) in the electrocoagulation group (p=0.07). Thrombocytopenia or prothrombin time prolongation was confirmed to be a significant risk factor for rebleeding. The rebleeding rate in the high risk group was significantly lower than in the EBL group (9% vs. 30%, respectively, p=0.03). The median procedure time was significantly shorter in the EBL group compared with that in the electrocoagulation group (median 5.6 minutes vs. 8.3 minutes, respectively, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: EBL and electrocoagulation are both effective for treating NVNU UGI bleeding, and EBL is especially safe and effective for the cases with a high risk for rebleeding.
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The purpose of the study is to develop a Web-ba sed health information se rvice system for the elderly. To identify user's information needs, we conducted an online survey of the caregivers and an offline survey of the elderly. Based on the user's information needs, a Web-site was developed. The Web-site was evaluated by users for their satisfaction with the Web-site and experts for the quality of the site. To test the usability of the site, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the elde rly were measured and compa red before and after an education using the content of the site. Content includes disease information of arthritis, dementia, and stroke; and health promotion information such as exercise, nutrition, management of declining hearing and visual abilities. Besides this health information, FAQ on the elderly health, statistics, links to related institutes and Web sites, risk factor appraisal tool, and nursing supplies for the elderly were added. The Web site is a subsystem of the Healthguide. Users rated usefulness, relevance, convenience, and eff iciency of the site highly in their satisf action rating. Experts ra ted purpose, update, appropriateness, reliability, and easiness highly in their site evaluation. There was statistically significant difference in the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the elderly before and after education via the homepage. It is expected that this Web-based elderly health information service system will contribute to the elderly's health promotion as well as provide a community for the elderly health related researchers, professionals and experts to share information on the elderly's health.
Risk Factors

No abstract available.
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