No abstract available.
Psychopathology

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to suggest a new model in psychiatry for understanding the psychopathology and to provide a new treatment modality. METHODS: In this paper, the author attempted to apply the concept of 'Consilience' to the field of psychiatry. Recently, the term 'Consilience' has been very popular and has been used frequently across the various academic fields. The original meaning of 'Consilience' is 'to jump (consilience) together (con). 'Consilience' was first used by William Whewell and Edward Wilson borrowed it to describe the unity of knowledge. In one word, 'Consilience' can be defined as 'to unify every field of knowledge and science to understand the human being and to improve the life of human being'. RESULTS: First, the human being by itself is the integrative being and consilient. Second, the developmental processes of psychiatry show that there are three definite developmental phases, including 'period of Consilience', 'period of diverse development', and 'reappearance of period of Consilience'. Third, in terms of historical perspective, the basic attitudes of religion have been closely associated with the basic concept of psychiatry. Finally, the treatment modalities in psychiatry show that integrative methods, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual treatment have been applied. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, the 'Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Model' is suggested to apply the concept of 'Consilience' to the field of psychiatry.
Humans ; Psychopathology

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Humans ; Prolactin* ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Psychopathology*

BACKGROUND: The author investigated the structural theory of the mind. the origin of psychopathology. the resolving stage of the psychopathology. and nature of the true mind in the human mind. METHODS: the author reviewed the "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana"by Mamyung and "The Commentary on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith" and "Expository Notes on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith" by Wonhyo. RESULTS: The author of the Treatise insistod on bellieving the true mind in the human being. Also in the treatise, Alayavijnana explained the harmonized mind of the true mind and the ignorant mind. The ignorant mind as the source of fundamental ignorance. which results in peripheral ignorance arising from the ego in relation with the extenal world. Also, he explains the origin of ignorance and encourages to abandon the deep attachment to ignorance. The developing and resolving stages of ignorance are similar to the developing and resolving stage of psychopathology. CONCLUSION: The author insists on the psychiatric application of the mind theory in the "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana", "The Commentary on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith". and "Expository Notes on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith". Also. the author encourages deep faith of the true human mind.
Ego ; Humans ; Psychopathology

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Postpartum Period* ; Psychopathology*

Clinical studies have shown various relationships between soft neurological signs and therapeutic effects of antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. This study was purposed to compare soft neurological signs in patients before and after administration of antipsychotic drugs and thus to confirm the relationships between soft neurological signs and therapeutic effects of antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-five schizophrenic patients were treated with antipsychotic drugs for 8 weeks after at least 7 days of drug-free period. The soft neurological signs were assessed by using the Neurological Evaluation Scale-Korean Version(NES-K). The baseline assessment was performed just before the antipsychotic drug trial and following assessments were repeated every 4 weeks until the end of 8-week antipsychotic drug treatment. The therapeutic effects were assessed by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) at baseline just before antipsychotic drug trial, and every 4 weeks until the end of 8-week antipsychotic drug treatment. Total scores of NES-K, scores of its subcategories including sensory integration, motor coordination, sequencing of complex motor acts, and other items were shown to decrease significantly 8 weeks after initiation of antipsychotic drugs. Among those above scores, both the changes of total scores of NES-K and other items were significantly correlated with the changes of negative scores, general psychopathology scores, and total scores of PANSS. Thirteen patients who were categorized as responders, showed at least 20% decrease in PANSS total score. The responders showed more decrement(p<0.05) in total scores of NES-K and scores of sequencing of complex motor acts than twelve nonresponders. These results showed that the scores of NES-K were significantly correlated with the improvement of PANSS score. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the changes of NES-K scores were significantly correlated with the therapeutic effects of antipsychotic drugs. The changes of soft neurological signs in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with the antipsychotic drug effect.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Humans ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to see the correlation between the auditory cognitive evoked potential and the clinical improvement in schizophrenics. METHOD: The subjects were 23 patients with schizophrenia. Auditory cognitive evoked potential was examined at pretreatment or the acute phase of treatment. The change of symptom was assessed by the PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) before drug treatment and in the 4th week of treatment. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) The change of positive subscale was positively correlated with P1 latency(p<.05), N1 latency (p<.05) and negatively correlated with P3 latency(p<.05), P2 amplitude(p<.05). 2) The change of negative subscale was negatively correlated with P3 latency(p<.05). 3) The change of general psychopathology subscale was negatively correlated with P3 latency(<.05). CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that the auditory cognitive evoked potential in schizophrenic patients could be valuable on prediction of clinical improvement. But, further studies are required to support these results.
Evoked Potentials* ; Humans ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia