No abstract available.
Osteoblasts*

No abstract available.
Osteoblasts*

Within the past few years, information regarding osteocyte function as been emerging and expanding significantly. No longer is the osteocyte considered a passive cell acting simply as a 'placeholder' within mineralized bone. Osteocytes are derived from osteoblast progenitors and in the adult skeleton compose 90-95% of all bone cells. Therefore, the function of these cells in the adult and aging skeleton has become the focus of recent investigation. These cells are proving to be multifunctional, ranging from mechanotransduction, to regulation of mineral homeostasis, to control of bone remodeling. The osteocyte as a source and reservoir of signaling factors important in health and maintenance of the adult skeleton is addressed in this review.
Adult ; Aging ; Bone Remodeling ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocytes ; Skeleton

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of osteal macrophages (osteomac) and osteocytes in bone remodeling using a mathematical model. We constructed the bone system with pre-osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and osteomac. Each link of the parameters and ordinary differential equations followed the Graham's model in 2013 except for the parameters of osteomac signaling and osteocytes signaling to link preosteoblasts and osteoblasts. We simulated the changes in each cell and bone volume according to the changes in the parameters of osteomac signaling and osteocytes signaling. The results showed bone volume was unstable and decreased gradually when the effectiveness of osteocytes and osteomac dropped below a certain level. When the parameters of osteomac signaling and osteocytes signaling to link preosteoblasts and osteoblasts had a value less than 1, bone volume increased with the increase in the parameter of osteomac signaling to link preosteoblasts and osteoblasts. Moreover, although the parameter of osteocytes signaling to link preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, increased in case of a small parameter of osteomac signaling, bone volulme decreased. If the parameters of osteomac signaling to link preosteoblasts and osteoblasts were over a certain level, bone volume was positively maintained, despite the parameter of osteocyte signaling to link preosteoblasts and osteoblasts. We suggested the osteomac may affect bone remodeling and may play an important role in bone cell network.
Bone and Bones* ; Bone Remodeling ; Macrophages* ; Models, Theoretical* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes*

No abstract available.
Fluorides* ; Osteoblasts*

Glucocorticoids* ; Osteoblasts*

The term "osteoma cutis" is limited only to primary cutaneous ossification in which there is no evidence of Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy in either the patient or his farnily. We herein present a case of osteorna cutis in a 2-year-old male. He had had multiple hard plaques on the extremities since birth and had not had the evidences of Albrights hereditary osteodystrophy and signs of secondary cutaneous ossification such as trauma, injection, previous skin lesions and abnormal laboratory findings. The histopathologic findings revealed bony spicules with numerous osteocytes, cement lines, Haversian canals, osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Child, Preschool ; Extremities ; Haversian System ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteoma* ; Parturition ; Skin

Osteoma cutis was first described by Wilkins in 1858 and it is a primary cutaneous ossification, which has no preceding trauma or skin disease and no evidence of Albright's hereditary osteodysttophy in the patient or his family. The lesions appear as hard, round to irregular, sharply defined tumors of varying size within the dermis or subcutis, and their color range from red to purple or brown. We report a rare case of multiple osteoma cutis in an infant. A 10-month-old female infant presented with multiple hard purplish nodules on the abdomen for several months and did not show any evidence of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and signs of secondary cutaneous ossification such as trauma, injection, and previous skin lesions. The histopathologic finding shows intradermal bony spicules with numerous osteocytes, cement lines, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
Abdomen ; Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteoma* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

We report a case of multiple osteoma cutis of the face in a 51-year-old female. She presented with 1-2mm sized skin colored multiple firm papules involving both cheeks for 2 years. She did not have any family history. Topical isotretinoin was prescribed for 6 months without any effects. Skin biopsy was done. Biopsy specimen of a skin colored papule on the right cheek showed numerous osteocytes and osteoblasts in the bony tissue. Other papules are treated by punch biopsy.
Acne Vulgaris ; Biopsy ; Cheek ; Female ; Humans ; Isotretinoin ; Middle Aged ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteoma* ; Skin

Nevus cell nevus in bone has been called osteo-nevus of Nanta since Nanta reported it in detail in 1911. We report a 46-year-old female patient with osteo-nevus of Nanta on her forehead. Histologic examination revealed nests of nevus cells, with numerous osteocytes and osteoblasts in the bony tissue. Inflammatory cell infiltrate and foreign body granuloma were not found.
Female ; Forehead ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nevus ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocytes