Autophagy is a highly conservative biological behavior in eukaryotic cells. This dynamic process involves "wrapping" cytoplasmic components and combining with lysosomes in cells for catabolism. The catabolic effect of autophagy can eliminate toxic substances in cells, maintain homeostasis in the intracellular environment, and produce small molecules, such as amino acids, which nourish cells, thereby allowing them to survive. Autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of tumors by maintaining homeostasis in the intracellular environment. However, it can promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Autophagy can regulate the microenvironment of tumor cells and has an important role in a series of processes, such as anoikis, tumor dormancy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Anoikis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasms

Biomedical Research ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)activity and cell proliferation, growth and invasion of ameloblastoma.

METHODSThe cells and xenograft of ameloblastoma were treated with MMP-2 inhibitor Ro31-9790 and the effects of Ro31-9790 on the cell proliferation and growth of ameloblastoma were observed. Primary culture in vitro, subcapsular kidney xenograft in vivo, MTT assay, flow cytometry, neoplastic volume measurement and histochemistry were employed to study the effects of cell proliferation and growth produced by Ro31-9790.

RESULTSThere was no significant different in cell proliferation at same interval among several groups (P > 0.05). The ratio of G0/G1 stage, G2/M stage and apoptotic cells didn't increase following increased Ro31-9790, and the ratio of S stage cells also didn't reduce following increased Ro31-9790. The tumor volume and its increase in treatment group were significant less than those in control group.

CONCLUSIONRo31-9790 does not influence proliferation of ameloblastoma cells in vitro, but it can effectively inhibit the ameloblastoma growth in vivo. MMP-2 activity has no relationship to proliferation of ameloblastoma cells, but it can contribute to the ameloblastoma growth and may be a reason of invasion in ameloblastoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the optimal surgical resection length for esophageal carcinoma.

METHODSSpecimens of seventy patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma resected and collected in our hospital were made into pathologic giant sections. Direct intramural infiltration, multicentric carcinogenic lesion and leaping metastasis were observed in the large slice by microscope. The actual length during the operation was calculated by the ratio of shrinkage.

RESULTSDirect intramural infiltration was found in 51 (72.9%) patients, 39 proximal and 36 distal to the tumor. The mean length of direct intramural infiltration was 0.9 +/- 0.8 cm (4.0 cm maximum) proximally and 0.5 +/- 0.3 cm (2.0 cm maximum) distally. Multicentric carcinogenic lesion was found in 11 (15.7%) patients, 5 proximally, 8 distally and 2 on both sides. Proximal to the tumor, the mean distance between the multicentric carcinogenic lesion and the main lesion plus the length of the multiple carcinogenic lesion was 3.2 +/- 1.5 cm (4.7 cm maximum). Distal to the tumor, it was 3.6 +/- 2.4 cm (9.1 cm maximum). Leaping metastasis was found in 9 (12.9%) patients, 7 proximally and 4 distally. The mean distance between the leaping metastasis and the main lesion plus the length of the leaping metastatic lesion was 1.9 +/- 0.6 cm (2.9 cm maximum) proximally and 1.4 +/- 1.0 cm (2.7 cm in maximum) distally.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal surgical resection length for esophageal carcinoma should be at least 5 cm proximal to the tumor and total length on the distal side.

Ninety percent of malignant tumor treatment failure is due to post-operative metastasis and recurrence. Paget's "seed and soil" in 1889 and Ewing's "tumor metastatic fluid dynamics" in 1928 are the basic scientific concepts of metastasis. With the advanced molecular biological technology combined with the translational medicine research, possible or potential metastatic "seed"-tumor stem cells or stemness cells can be screened. In recent years, study on the "tumor derived exosome" raised the concept of pre-metastatic niche and progenitor metastasis. On the other hand, associated methodology and technology for screening and detection of the exosome had been established, which provides feasible methods for screening, prediction and individual therapy. It will be the new era for cancer prevention and intervention in translational medicine area.
Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Translational Medical Research

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; secondary ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of prostaglandin transporter (PGT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological features.

METHODSThe mRNA and protein levels of PGT were determined by real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical methods in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue from 80 patients with colorectal cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological features was analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the adjacent normal tissue of colorectal cancer, the PGT mRNA relative expression (0.57 ± 0.33 vs. 2.33 ± 1.20) and the PGT protein expression in cancer tissues decreased significantly [PGT/GAPDH 0.45 ± 0.16 vs. 0.78 ± 0.23, integral A 718.7 ± 359.4 vs. 10412.0 ± 6423.3, average A 0.03 ± 0.01 vs. 0.12 ± 0.09, all P<0.01]. Lower mRNA and protein expressions of PGT in colorectal cancer were associated with depth of invasion T3 to T4 and TNM stage III( to IIII( (P<0.01), while not associated with gender, age, tumor location and differentiation degree (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONExpression levels of PGT mRNA and protein in colorectal cancer tissue are significantly down-regulation. PGT expression is associated with invasion depth and late stages.

Perineural invasion(PNI) is one of the important routes for metastasis of gastric carcinoma and results in local recurrence and cancer pain after radical gastrectomy. The dismal prognosis of gastric cancer has been intimately associated with lymph node metastasis, hematogenous metastasis that partly caused by PNI. Nerve, vascular and lymphatic constitutes the tumor microenvironment which plays a decisive role in the development of cancer. Molecular interaction and morphological change contribute to reciprocal signaling interactions between tumor cell and nerve. However, the underlying mechanism of PNI in gastric cancer is still unclear and needs further study. Here, we present a brief review of literatures on the topic of PNI in gastric cancer.
Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nerve Tissue ; Prognosis ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms

Tumor cells exhibit two main different migration strategies when invading in 3D environment, i. e. mesenchymal migration and amoeboid migration. This review summarizes the internal reasons and characteristics on various modes of migration adaptation to the microenvironment, and the molecular mechanisms in particular environment where they are mutually interchangeable. A study of the mechanisms that may possibly trigger mesenchymal-amoeboid transition/amoeboid-mesenchymal transition help us to understand the change and the plasticity in the migration strategies of tumor cells. These are important for the development of a cancer treatment, which would efficiently suppress tumor cell invasiveness.
Cell Movement ; physiology ; Extracellular Matrix ; pathology ; Humans ; Integrins ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; physiopathology