The inhibitory effect of rice(Oryza sartiva L., illpumbyeo) against mutagenicity induced by tryptophan pyrolysates were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Both methanol extracts of obtained from brown and white rice were found to possess strong activites of inhibiting the mutagenicities of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyriod[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-2) on Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. As the concentration of methanol extract increased, inhibitory effect on mutagenicity increased but reached at steady state as inhibition rate of 90% when the concentration was above 10mg/plate. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) in inhibitory effect of methanol extracts between brown and white rice against tryptophan pyrolysates.
Methanol ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Tryptophan*

In an effort to identify the chemical constituents of fruiting bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola, a new lanostane triterpene glycoside, designated as fomitoside K, has been isolated from its methanolic extract. Its chemical structure was assigned on the basis of various spectroscopic studies.
Coriolaceae ; Fruit ; Methanol

Alcoholism ; therapy ; Humans ; Methanol ; poisoning

BACKGROUND: The aim of this review was to estimate the lethal and exposure doses of a representative symptom (blindness) of methanol exposure in humans by reviewing data from previous articles. METHODS: Available articles published from 1970 to 2016 that investigated the dose-response relationship for methanol exposure (i.e., the exposure concentration and the biological markers/clinical symptoms) were evaluated; the MEDLINE and RISS (Korean search engine) databases were searched. The available data from these articles were carefully selected to estimate the range and median of a lethal human dose. The regression equation and correlation coefficient (between the exposure level and urinary methanol concentration as a biological exposure marker) were assumed from the previous data. RESULTS: The lethal human dose of pure methanol was estimated at 15.8–474 g/person as a range and as 56.2 g/person as the median. The dose-response relationship between methanol vapor in ambient air and urinary methanol concentrations was thought to be correlated. An oral intake of 3.16–11.85 g/person of pure methanol could cause blindness. The lethal dose from respiratory intake was reported to be 4000–13,000 mg/l. The initial concentration of optic neuritis and blindness were shown to be 228.5 and 1103 mg/l, respectively, for a 12-h exposure. CONCLUSION: The concentration of biological exposure indices and clinical symptoms for methanol exposure might have a dose-response relationship according to previous articles. Even a low dose of pure methanol through oral or respiratory exposure might be lethal or result in blindness as a clinical symptom.
Blindness ; Humans* ; Methanol* ; Optic Neuritis

Chemical investigation of the plant Tristemma hirtum P. Beauv (Melastomataceae) resulted to the isolation of a new flavonol glycoside named quercetin-7-O-α-D-arabinofuranoside (1), together with nine known compounds including 3′-hexadecanoyl-2′-(9aZ)-tetradecanoyl-glycerol 1′-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1″ → 6″)-α-D-galactopyranoside] (2), arjunolic acid (3), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), terminolic acid (5), quercetin (6), asiatic acid (7), maslinic acid (8), 1β-O-galloylpedunculagin (9) and 6-hydroxyapigenin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) from the methanol extract using normal and reversed phase column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were determined by comprehensive interpretation of their spectral data mainly including 1D- 2D-NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectroscopic and ESI-TOF-MS mass spectrometric analysis.
Chromatography ; Melastomataceae ; Methanol ; Plants ; Quercetin

This study aimed to assess the attraction effect against Lycorma delicatula and antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fraction obtained from Ailanthus altissima methanol extract. The attraction effect of chloroform fraction showed the highest activity (47%) as compared to that of other fractions. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity, methanol and butanol fraction showed higher antioxidant activity than other solvent fractions. From the above results, the potential chloroform fraction was further performed by local irritation test in New Zealand white rabbits. In eye irritation test, chloroform fraction showed moderate irritant at high concentration 0.5 g/site/mL, but there was no eye irritation at low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL). In accordance with the Draize evaluation of skin irritation, the primary irritation index was calculated to 3.3 and 0.68 at high (0.5 g/site/mL) and low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL) causing moderate and mild irritation, respectively. On the basis of this study, Ailanthus altissima chloroform fraction could be safely considered to be a candidate of attractant against Lycorma delicatula.
Ailanthus* ; Chloroform ; Methanol ; Rabbits ; Skin ; Water

A new tetracyclic triterpenoid [4,4,24-trimethylcholesta-Δ(8,9;14,15;24,28)-trien-3β,11β,12α-triol-12-acetate, 3-sulfate] sodium salt (1), together with eight known compounds including ergosterol 5α,8α-endoperoxide (2), 1,9-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-methylpterocarpan (3), 3-O-β-D-2-acetyl-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranoxyloleanoic acid (4), hydnocarpin (5), derrone (6), isovitexin (7), erythrinin C (8), and 5,4'-dihydroxy-2''-hydroxyisopropyldihydrofurano [4,5:7,8]-isoflavone (9), were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the methanol extract of aerial part of Desmodium uncinatum collected in the western highland of Cameroon. The structures of these compounds were established by comprehensive interpretation of their spectral data mainly including 1D- (¹H and ¹³C), 2D-NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC) spectroscopic and ESI-TOF-MS mass spectrometric analysis. The isolation of an integracide-like compound from plant origin is a very unusual finding.
Cameroon ; Ergosterol ; Fabaceae ; Methanol ; Plants ; Sodium

BACKGROUND: The cornposition and biosynthesis of lipids in human skin have long been of considerable interest. Several authors have reviewed the sampling procedures for collecting skin surface lipid. Composition of extracted skin surface lipid may be variable according to different kinds of solvents. OBJECTIVE: We tried to investigate any differences in skin surface lipid composition using three solvents (hexane,hexane/methanol and ethanol). METHOD: The skin surface lipid was extracted by the cup method. Extracted lipid was weighed and analyzed for lipid composition by HPTLC(high performance thin layer chromatography). RESULTS: Total amounts of lipid extracted by each solvent were not significantly different. The skin was more erythematous and irritated after treatment with hexane/methanol than with hexane. Hexane/methanol was more powerful in extracting epidermal lipids than hexane. CONCLUSION: We confirmed the differences of extracted lipid composition depending on the solvents. Total ceramides and polar lipids may play an important role in the maintenance of the normal barrier function.
Ceramides ; Ethanol* ; Humans* ; Methanol* ; Skin* ; Solvents

Urinary hippuric acid was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. A simple and economical derivatization procedure using excessive methanol in acidic condition was adopted to esterify hippuric acid. Quantitative analysis was performed with two internal standards, heptadecanoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid, to evaluate the derivatization procedure as an analytical method. Using the standard addition method, linear and reproducible calibration curves were obtained for both internal standards. Calibration experiment showed that good quantitative result could also be obtained with the calibration curve obtained without urine matrix. Recovery rates for the urine samples were in the range of 95.6~111.4%. Using hydrocinnamic acid as internal standard, analysis time could be reduced.
Calibration ; Chromatography, Gas* ; Methanol ; Spectrum Analysis

Methane monooxygenases (MMO), regarded as "an amazing biomolecular machine", catalyze the oxidation of methane to methanol under aerobic conditions. MMO catalyze the oxidation of methane elaborately, which is a novel way to catalyze methane to methanol. Furthermore, MMO can inspire the biomolecular machine design. In this review, we introduced MMO including structure, gene and catalytic mechanism. The history and the taxonomy of MMO were also introduced.
Catalysis ; Methane ; metabolism ; Methanol ; metabolism ; Oxygenases ; metabolism