In Korean traditional medicine, though herbal decoction, acupuncture, and moxibustion are all used to treat diseases, restorative medicines are the most widely preferred treatment method. This paper explores the historical background of restorative herbal medicines and ginseng among the Korean public and Korean traditional medicine practice. It also seeks to clarify how social and cultural perspectives on drug use have changed since restorative medicine became mainstream during the Joseon era. Drug use tendencies were affected by the medical system of the Joseon Dynasty, patients' desires for reliable treatment, and perceptions of the human body and the causes of disease. In the late Joseon Dynasty, medicine, an industry originally monopolized by the government, began to be manufactured and traded on the free market, and medical personnel began to participate in medical activities on a large scale. As the healthpreserving theory became more popular and medical personnel became more accessible, medicinal preferences also changed. Specifically, whereas preference was first given to common medicines, such as Cheongsimwon, which are effective for various symptoms, restorative medicines, such as ginseng, gradually became more popular. These restorative medicines were faithful to the basic tenet of East Asian traditional medicine: to avoid disease by making the body healthy before the onset of illness. Patients' desires for safe treatment and growing competition among commercial doctors who wanted stable profits further increased the popularity of milder medicines. Ultimately, as ginseng cultivation was realized, its use expanded even further in a wave of commercialization.
Acupuncture ; History of Medicine* ; Human Body ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Medicine, Korean Traditional ; Methods ; Moxibustion ; Panax*

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the whole lichen of Usnea longissima.

METHODThe compounds were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the compounds isolated were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTTen compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as (4aR,9bS)-2,6-diactyl-3,4a,7,9-tetrahydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1-oxo-1,4,4a, 9b-tetrahydrodibenzo [b,d]furan (1), (+)-usnic acid (2), orcinol (3), 18R-hydroxydihydroalloprotolichensterinic acid (4), 5, 8-epidioxy-5alpha, 8alpha-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (5), ethyl everninate (6), arabitol(7), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (8), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid(9), friedelin(10).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 was a new compound. Compound 8 was isolated from genu Usnea for the first time and compounds 3, 4 and 7 were isolated from U. longissima for the first time.

Mongolian folk medicine, the important part of Mongolian medicine, is the main means, method and weapon of disease prevention, treatment and health care. Mongolian materia medicas are the important literatures of guiding the healthy development of the modern Mongolian medicine with a long and dazzling history. Since the founding of new China, a new history chapter of Mongolian folk medicine was opened under the attention and support from all levels of party and government. This paper intends to provide comprehensive insight into the rapid development of Mongolian folk medicine. The resources, phytochemistry, quality standard, pharmacology, dosage forms reform and production were reviewed to expound the process that Mongolian folk medicine was developed from traditional practices to scientific development
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; standards ; Science

This article reveals the similarities and differences between the two materia medica systems of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Mongolian medicine by comparing the medicinal property theories of these two; our expectations are the mutual profits and complementation of the two traditional medicines from each other, a broader clinical use of natural medicinal herbs, and then, a development of traditional medicines.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional

Based on the Chinese pharmacopeia 2000 ed and Japanese pharmacopeia 14st ed., the original plant differencesof Chinese raditional medicines and Japanese Kampo medicines were compared by making list. The differences and reasons were analyzed.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Japan ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Kampo ; Pharmacopoeias as Topic ; Plants, Medicinal

Biomedical Research ; trends ; Drug Discovery ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Japan ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Kampo ; Travel

Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Korean Traditional ; Rheumatology ; United States

The processing technology of traditional Mongolian medicine materials is distinctive, and it is one of the main characteristics of Mongolian pharmacy. Most of Mongolian medicines were used in the raw, but a quarter of medicinal materials need to be produced. Since ancient times, the processing of Mongolian medicine have cooperated with the Mongolian medicine clinical, which plays an important role in improving curative effect of Mongolian medicine and ensuring the safety of the drug. At present, the Mongolian medicines are processed still according to the traditional methods of the ancient literature method which has a lot of problems such as lag in technology, method of diversification, ambiguous indicators and unclear mechanism. Standardization of Mongolian medicine processing was based on traditional Mongolian medicine basic theory, which both projecting the characteristic, inheriting the traditional colleagues and reference to modern medicine, pharmacology, toxicology and other disciplines of knowledge. In this article, the processing situation, existing problem and standardization research of Mongolian medicine were described that providing a reference for the modernization and standardization of Mongolian medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; methods ; standards

The peeled stem of Syringa pinnatifolia is a Mongolia folk medicine, mainly distributed in Helan mountain, inner Mongolia and Ningxia provinces of China. It has been used for the treatment of cardiopalmus, angina pectoris, and cardiopulmonary diseases for a long history. Contemporary research revealed the presence of major lignans, sesquitepenes, and essential oils, and showed myocardial ischemia related diseases. This review summarizes the plant origins, taxonomic disputes, phytochemical and pharmacological research progress, hopefully to provide reference for full medicinal utilization, clarification of biological effective substance, and drug development.
Animals ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Molecular Structure ; Syringa ; chemistry

Mongolian medicine is an indispensable part in developing traditional Mongolian medicine. This study is aimed to provide a basis for the formulation of clinical and Mongolian medicinal materials standards by clarifying the original plant and species collation of Mongolia medicine of "saradma". Mongolian herbal medicine, as an important part of Mongolian medicine, is needed to study the authentic Mongolian medicine, in order to exert the best therapeutic effect in the application. The Mongolian medicine of "saradma" is a kind of medicinal material for diuresis, reinforcing kidney, and eliminating edema, for which comes from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and other parts of medicinal plant. The ancient books of Mongolian medicine are the most important reference the research of Mongolian medicine varieties. This review adopts the method of inductive comparison of ancient books in order to summarize the conclusion of Mongolian medicine of "saradma". According to the investigations, Mongolian medicine of "saradma" type is mainly Leguminosae plant, Oxytropis latibracteata, Hedysarum multijugum, Thermopsis barbata, Astragalus membranaceus, Vicia amoena, O. caerulea, Astragalus bhotanensis, Hedysarum sikkimense. Compared with modern works, it is found that the drug has a wide range of resources distribution and application. It can be used for the treatment of cold edema, hot edema, nephrogenic edema, edema, swelling and likes caused by different diseases. Based on the research of Mongolian medicine of "saradma" varieties, it was found that the most commonly used varieties in Inner Mongolia were cayan saradma, xara saradam and sira saradma all of which are all top-grade drugs that reduce swelling.
Books ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal