BACKGROUND: Increased oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms in iodide excess-induced thyroid disease. Metallothioneins (MTs) are regarded as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress. Our aim is to investigate the effects of propylthiouracil (PTU), a thyroid peroxidase inhibitor, perchlorate (KClO4), a competitive inhibitor of iodide transport, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on mitochondrial superoxide production instigated by high concentrations of iodide in the thyroids of MT-I/II knockout (MT-I/II KO) mice. METHODS: Eight-week-old 129S7/SvEvBrd-Mt1(tm1Bri) Mt2(tm1Bri)/J (MT-I/II KO) mice and background-matched wild type (WT) mice were used. RESULTS: By using a mitochondrial superoxide indicator (MitoSOX Red), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, we demonstrated that the decreased relative viability and increased LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production induced by potassium iodide (100 µM) can be relieved by 300 µM PTU, 30 µM KClO4, or 10 U/L TSH in the thyroid cell suspensions of both MT-I/II KO and WT mice (P<0.05). Compared to the WT mice, a significant decrease in the relative viability along with a significant increase in LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production were detected in MT-I/II KO mice(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that PTU, KClO4, or TSH relieved the mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by high concentrations of iodide in the thyroids of both MT-I/II KO and WT mice. MT-I/II showed antioxidant effects against high concentrations of iodide-induced mitochondrial superoxide production in the thyroid.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Iodide Peroxidase ; Iodides ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Metallothionein* ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout* ; Oxidative Stress ; Potassium Iodide ; Propylthiouracil* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxides* ; Suspensions ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyrotropin*

Iododerma is a rare cutaneous eruption that occurs after oral, parenteral or topical administration of iodides. Acneiform papulopustular lesions are the most common skin reactions of iododerma and erythematous, vesiculobullous, vegetative, and pustular psoriasis-like lesions appear less commonly. A 40-year-old woman with post-thyroidectomy presented with pustular and crusted patches with erythematous and indurated bases on the face and well-defined purplish crusted desquamative plaques on the lower legs at 10 days after radioactive iodine-131 ablation. Based on clinicopathological findings and history, she was diagnosed with iododerma following radioactive iodine ablation. Hypersensitivity to iodine is more uncommon in iodine-131 therapy compared with other iodine-containing substances since the quantity of sodium iodide is infinitely small. As iododerma following radioactive iodine ablation is a rare entity, so clinicians need to know about the possibilities of developing the skin lesion along with other early side effects before administering iodine-131 therapy.
Administration, Topical ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Leg ; Skin ; Sodium Iodide ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Stereoselective transformation of Baylis-Hillman acetates 1 into corresponding (Z)-allyl iodides 2 has been achieved by treatment of 1 with samarium triiodide in THF. Remarkable rate acceleration of samarium triiodide-mediated iodination of 1 was found when ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluroborate ([bmim]BF(4)) was used as reaction media in stead of THF. This novel approach proceeds readily at 50 degrees C within a few minutes to afford (Z)-allyl iodides 2 in excellent yields. A mechanism involving stereoselective iodination of the acetates of Baylis-Hillman adducts by samarium triiodide is described, in which a six-membered ring transition state played a key role in the stereoselective formation of 2.
Acetates ; chemistry ; Iodides ; chemical synthesis ; Ions ; Kinetics ; Samarium ; chemistry ; Solutions

BACKGROUND: A diagnostic whole-body scan (WBS) is recommended 6 to 12 months after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodide ablation in intermediate- or high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the necessity of a diagnostic WBS after radioactive iodide ablation in intermediate-risk patients with DTC. METHODS: A total of 438 subjects were included in the study: 183 low-risk subjects and 255 intermediate-risk subjects according to the American Thyroid Association guideline. All subjects diagnosed with DTC received 1,100 MBq (30 mCi) activity of radioiodine (I-131) following total thyroidectomy. On follow-up, all subjects underwent a diagnostic I-131 WBS after thyroid hormone withdrawal. RESULTS: After initial radioactive iodide ablation, 95.1% of low-risk patients and 91.4% of intermediate-risk patients showed no uptake on diagnostic WBS (P=0.135). Intermediate-risk patients with stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels higher than 2.0 ng/mL showed a greater rate of radioactive iodine uptake on diagnostic WBS. Four intermediate-risk patients showed recurrence during the 16 to 80 months follow-up period. Three of the four patients with recurrence showed no uptake on diagnostic WBS and had a stimulated Tg level less than 2.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: A diagnostic I-131 WBS after radioactive iodide ablation in intermediate-risk patients with DTC may not be necessary. A large prospective study is necessary to determine the necessity of diagnostic WBS in intermediate-risk patients with DTC.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Radioactivity ; Recurrence ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is a common metaplastic lesion associated with chronic gastritis and mucosal atrophy. However, squamous metaplasia is a comparatively rare condition. On endoscopy, squamous metaplasia is usually observed as a whitish mucosal lesion in the lesser curvature of the cardiac region of the stomach. When Lugol's iodine solution is applied, the lesion stains brown in the same way as normal esophageal mucosa. We report a case of 79-year-old man with a whitish flat lesion in the lesser curvature of the cardiac region on surveillance endoscopy after endoscopic treatment of gastric adenoma. The endoscopic biopsy showed stratified squamous epithelial mucosa.
Adenoma ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Coloring Agents ; Endoscopy ; Gastritis ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Metaplasia ; Mucous Membrane ; Stomach

Chromoendoscopy using Lugol's iodine solution is widely used to improve the detection of esophageal dysplasia or early squamous carcinoma. Although the solution helps to notice esophageal lesions and to delineate the lesions more clearly, it can cause mucosal irritation leading to retrosternal pain and epigastric discomfort infrequently. We report a case of acute gastric mucosal injury after application of Lugol's solution during chromoendoscopy in a 63-year-old woman.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical application value of iodine metabolism biomarkers in assessing iodine nutrition status in surgically treated patients with thyroid disease.

METHODSBlood,morning urine and 24-hour urine samples were collected in 31 healthy volunteers and in 30 surgically treated patients with thyroid disease before and after surgery. Iodine concentration was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The iodine metabolism biomarkers including serum iodine (SI), morning urine iodine(UI), morning urine iodine/urine creatinine ratio (UI/UCr), 24-hour urine iodine (24 h UI), and 24-hour urine iodine excretion (24 h UIE) were evaluated in these two groups. In addition, the validation coincidence rate of iodine metabolism biomarkers in healthy volunteers to different reference ranges including World Health Organization, Mayo Clinic, and Quest Diagnostics were calculated.

RESULTSThe UI/UCr ratio of pre-operative thyroid disease patients was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers (P<0.05), while the other biomarkers showed no significant differences (all P>0.05) between these two groups. The SI, UI ,and 24 h UI in postoperative thyroid disease patients were significantly higher than those of the pre-operative patients (all P<0.05). Though the medians of all biomarkers in healthy volunteers were within the reference ranges,only the validation coincidence rates of SI, UI, and UI/UCr in the 41-70-year populations were over than 90% according to Mayo Clinic; furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve about UI/UCr ratio (0.737) was the biggest within the iodine metabolism biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONThe UI/UCr ratio may be used for iodine nutrition evaluation in surgically treated patients with thyroid disease.

Biomarkers ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Reference Values ; Thyroid Diseases

OBJECTIVETo modify and optimize gas chromatographic conditions, qualitative and quantitative method on the base of the actual national standard detection method for drinking water on testing iodide with gas chromatography, and detect iodide in drinking water of Shanghai.

METHODSIodobutane derivative was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, then two capillary columns coupled to electron capture detector were made by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Finally, 100 ml water samples were collected respectively from raw water and finished water of three plants in which water sources were Yangtse river, Huangpu river, and inner river respectively and detected by this developed method.

RESULTSThe results of mass spectrometry showed that iodide would form iodobutane which could generate 1-iodo-2-butanone and 3-iodo-2-butanone isomers by derivatization. The data of qualitative analysis by two capillary columns revealed that iodobutane was separated completely and the total time of chromatogram separation was 19.33 min.3-iodo-2-butanone with the high response value was selected to quantitatively analyse. The linear range was 1 - 100 µg/L, and the coefficient of determination (r(2)) was 0.9997. The limit of detection was 13 ng/L. Recoveries were between 97.68% and 104.37%, and relative standard deviations were between 2.14% and 4.41%. The results of iodide detected by this method in raw water and finished water in three plants in Shanghai showed that the ranking of iodide's concentration in raw water was Huangpu river (15.14 µg/L) > inner river (6.97 µg/L) > Yangtse river (3.55 µg/L). The level of iodide in finished water of plant 1 (3.55 µg/L and 5.92 µg/L for raw and finished water respectively) and 3 (6.97 µg/L and 9.62 µg/L for raw and finished water respectively) increased slightly except for plant 2 (15.14 µg/L and 1.81 µg/L for raw and finished water respectively). The relative standard deviations of all water samples measured in duplicate were less than 9.73%.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method possesses higher degree of sensitivity and accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis than actual national standard detection method, and it is fit for trace analysis of iodide in water.

China ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Iodides ; analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; analysis ; Water Supply ; analysis

The main physiological role of iodine in the body is to synthesize thyroid hormone. Both iodine deficiency and iodine excess can lead to severe thyroid diseases. While its role in thyroid diseases has increasingly been recognized, few relevant platforms and techniques for iodine detection have been available in China. This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of currently iodine detection methods including direct titration, arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, chromatography with pulsed amperometry, colorimetry based on automatic biochemistry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, so as to optimize the iodine nutrition for patients with thyroid diseases.
Humans ; Iodides ; analysis ; Iodine ; analysis ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Spectrophotometry ; Thyroid Diseases ; diagnosis ; Titrimetry

This is a case of a 54-year-old male, diagnosed to have insular thyroid carcinoma. The histopathologic characteristic of this rare neoplasm arising from follicular epithelial cells has the potential to take up 1-131 As shown in his postoperative 1-131 imaging, there are iodine-avid lesions in the parietal bone, thyroidal beds, ribs and vertebrae. The presence of these lesions in a &agnostic radioactive iodine scan makes it possible to do radioactive iodine therapy. A follow-up diagnostic study with 1-131 shows interval resolution and regression of the metastatic lesions. Thus, radioactive iodine therapy has a role in the treatment of this rare and aggressive neoplasm.

Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Iodine ; Parietal Bone ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Iodides ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Ribs ; Epithelial Cells