No abstract available.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

No abstract available.
Catheters ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

No abstract available.
Catheters ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Forensic pathologists must determine not only the cause and manner of death, but also the identity of the deceased. Some surgical procedures or implants may have a great value for identification. A case of quickly solved postmortem identification through medical information of an ambulatory pH monitoring capsule (Bravo(TM) Capsule) in the esophagus is reported.
Esophagus* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

The authors studied on alterations of hematology and coagulation of 2 patient groups, supernatal and deep burn, along 20 first days of intensive treatment. The results showed that decreased platelet aggregation, prolonged bleeding time, reduced prothrombine rate and reduced fibrinogen level in deep burn group, compared to supernatal burn group. These differences were seen mainly at time of T1 and occasional at time T2 and T3.
burns ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

It is common to check arterial blood gas values during anesthesia to know the state of acid-base balance and tissue oxygenation, but there are many complications in performing arterial puncture or cannulation. The purpose of this study is to know the correlations of blood gas values between arterial and venous blood freom the hand during balanced anesthesia. Twenty five patients of both sexes were investigated. The values of pH, pCO2, pO2, B.E., B.B., and HCO2(-) of arterial and venous blood were compared graphically and regression equations were made. All the measurements except pO2 showed close correlation.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Anesthesia ; Balanced Anesthesia* ; Catheterization ; Hand* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Punctures

Arterial blood gas analysis is essential laboratory test in monitoring of acid-base balance and respiratory care, but it has been known that there was many variabilities according to method of sampling and care before analysis. We compared the effects of liquid Na heparin and dry Li-heparin on blood gas analysis, hemoglobin and electrolytes, and studied in 25 patients who were taken elective operation with radial arterial eannulation. The samples were obtained from radial artery; sample 1, drawn to a total volume of 1 cc with 2cc plastic syringe utilizing liquid Na-heparin; sample 2, drawn to a total volume of 2 cc with 2 cc plastic syringe utilizing liquid Na-heparin ; sample 3, drawn to a total volume of 1 cc with Bard parker Preset 1 cc kit that pre-filled dry Li-heparin; control value, sampled arterial blood without heparin for measurement of hemoglobin and electrolytes. These samples were analyzed with minimum error, as possible. We obtained the following results. 1) There was no atatistical difference in pH, PCO2, PO2 and hemoglobin in each sample. 2) The value of Na+ and K+ were no statistical differences in sample 1,2 and 3, but sig- nificantly lower level than control value (P<0.01). 3) The Ca2+ level was significantly lower in sample 1 and 2(P<0.01) and not significantly different in sample 3 when compared with the control value. The Ca level was significantly higher in sample 2 and 3 when compared with sample 1 (P<0.01). So we conclude that arterial blood gas analysis and hemoglobin level showed no statistical difference between the liquid Na heparin and the dry Li-heparin. Heparin is not suitable for Na+ and K+ measurement. Low dose liquid Na heparin and dry Li heparin is reliable for obtaining Ca2+ level.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Electrolytes ; Heparin ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Plastics ; Radial Artery ; Syringes

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of crystalloid solutions on the arterial blood gas and electrolytes in spinal (n = 58) and hip joint surgery (n = 2). METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly divided into three groups according to the kind of crystalloid solutions. Group 1 patients (n = 20) received Hartmann's solution (HS), group 2 patients (n = 20) received HS plus normal saline (NS) in a 1 : 1 volume ratio, and group 3 patients (n = 20) received NS. Arterial blood gas and electrolytes were measured after induction and at the end of the operation. RESULTS: The replacement volumes of the crystalloid solutions in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 2545 +/- 931, 3050 +/- 1013 and 3240 +/- 1056 ml, respectively. The degree of the change in pH from after induction until the end of the operation was the greatest in group 3 (0.125) than in group 1 (0.04) and group 2 (0.079) (p < 0.05). The degree of the changes in the serum chloride value in groups 2 (9.1 mEq/L) and 3 (12.1 mEq/L) was greater than that in group 1 (4.2 mEq/L), respectively (p < 0.05). In the relationships among the parameters in group 3, the pH values tended to decrease with increasing volume replacements of NS (P = 0.005); and the chloride values tended to increase with increasing volume replacements of NS (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HS is the superior crystalloid solution because there were less changes in acid-base balance and chloride value than when NS was infused alone. HS did not alleviate the changes of acid-base balance and chloride value caused by NS when both of them were infused at the same time.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Electrolytes* ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Orthopedics*

Hernodialysis(HD) patients are continuously exposed to hyperkalemia, the degree of which depends on the amount of dialysate potassium(K) removal and intra- compartmental K shifts besides poor dietary K compli- ance. Chronically hyperkalemic outpatients(n=20) on chronic hernodialysis by routine monthly serum potassium(SK) concentration measurements(SK> or =5.1mEq/L, more than 4 times in 6 months) was looked for the derangements of short-term interval K handling by observing the pattern of change in plasma K(PK) thru HD. In all 20 patients, as expected, the predialysis PK(PKo, 5.3 +/- 0.16mEq/L) were significantly correlated with the end-dialysis PK(PKe, 3.8+/-0.09mEq/l.)(r=0.65, p<0.01) and the magnitude of the fall in PK(PKo-PKe, 1.6+/-0.55mEq/L)(r=0.85, p<0.0001). Also, PKo were ne- gatively correlated with anion gap(r=-0.50, p<0.05) and plasma Na level(r=-0.69, p<0.01). PK at 2 hours after HD(PKr, 4.6+/-0.13mEq/L) revealed a marked post- dialytic K rebound. PKr correlated with PKe, whereas no significant correlation between the magnitude of the rise in PKe(PKr-PKe) and PKe was found. Of 20 hyperkalemic patients, PK of 9 patients(group I), sur- prisingly, showed normokalemia(4.7+/-0.09mF) and that of 11(group II) showed true hyperkalernia(5.8>0.19 mEq/L). Between 2 groups, significant differences were found in plasma Na level(140 +/- 0.8 vs. 1360.7mEq/L, p<0.01) and the percentage of(PKr-PKe) divided by PKe(141.8 vs. 272.5Yo, p<0.01), but no difference in anion gap, pH, albumin, creatinine, and(PKo-PKe) divided by PKO, respectively. Based on this data, we conclude that hyperkalemic hemodialysis patients should be confirmed by plasma K determination to exclude factitious hyperkalemia, and they may have the derangements of internal K balance due to transcompartmental K shifts following HD, which would be partly related to that of Na balance.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperkalemia ; Plasma ; Potassium* ; Renal Dialysis*

During a period from February 1st to November 30th in 1983, measurements were made twice a month on dustfalls and concentrations of various cations and anions in their filtrates in an urban (Heuksuk-dong, Seoul) and in a rural (Ansung) districts. Standard British Deposit Gauge method was applied for collection of dustfalls and ion chromatographic method using Ion Chromatograph 10 (Dionex, U.S.A.) for determination of cation and anion concentrations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Annual mean values of dustfalls were 8.30+/-5.09 tons/km2/month in an urban and 6.20+/-0.82 tons/km2/month in a rural districts. And annual mean values of pH of filtrates of the collected samples were 5.3+/-0.76 in an urban and 6.0+/-0.82 in a rural districts. 2. Annual mean concentrations of common cations and anions in their filtrates were as follows: Some of anions such as Br-, PO4-3 and NO2 were scarcely detected and F was measured at very low concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm in Feb., Oct. and Nov. in an urban and in Feb. in a rural districts. 3. By two-way analysis of variance with 4 replications for dustfalls, pH and concentrations of various ion by district and month of a year, statistically significant differences were noted in dustfalls (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01) and concentrations of various ion (p<0.01) by month of a year, and in dustfalls (p<0.05) and concentrations of various ion such as NH4, Ca, NO3 and SO4 (p<0.01) by district. 4. There were statistically significant differences pH in Spring (Feb., Mar. and Apr.) (p<0.01) and in SO4 in Autumn (Aug., Sept., Oct. and Nov.) (p<0.05) between the two districts.
Anions ; Cations ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration