A total of 30 cases of cerebral gliomas, including 6 cases of low grade astrocytomas, 6 anaplasticastrocytoomas and l8 glioblastomas multiforme, was examined immunohistochemically to demonstrate the overexpression of mutant forms of p53 protein and to evaluate their relationships with histological subtypes. A p53 monoclonal antibody was applied to the routine formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues for this study using microwave-assisted avidin-biotin method. Overexpression of p53 protein was identified in 4 out of 6 anaplastic astrocytomas (66.7%) and in l3 out of l8 glioblastomas multiforme (72.2%). No immunohistochemical positivity of p53 was found in adjacent normal brain tissue, gliosis and 6 cases of astrocytoma. These results suggest that overexpression of mutant p53 may be an important step in the development and progression of malignant astrocytoma, especially of the aggressive subtypes of glioma, including glioblastoma multiforme.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

The square face with prominent mandibular angles projects a strong and musculine impression, which is not preferred by most Koreans(may be orientals). Therefore, requests for contouring the prominent mandibular angle are much more common in the orient than in the west. In our study, we treated seven patients with esthetic problem due to prominent mandibular angle using two-step method with intraoral approach via trans- submandibular channel. The advantages of this method are easy measuring, minimized surgical trauma and shortening of the operation time by facilitation of instrumenial application via trans-sumandibular channel.
Humans

In order to elucidate the developmental stages of human tooth germ during prenatal period, we examined 254 normal fetuses ranging in gestational age from six weeks to fourty weeks old histologically. Lim's developmental pattern of prenatal tooth germ was divided into three groups, the first group consisting of five grades (I, II, III, IV, V) was for the development of enamel epithelium the second group of three grades was for the deposition of dentin matrix and enamel matrix, and the third group of three grades (A, B, C) was for the growth of perifollicular bone. Some developmental progress between enamel epithelium and dental papilla could be identified by observation of the sequential development of deciduous and permanent tooth germs histologically. The following results were made. 1) The prenatal development of tooth germ showed similar weekly stages in both the maxilla and the mandible. The initial deposition of dentin matrix and enamel matrix (III-1 stage) started at 12-14 weeks of gestational age in the deciduous incisor and canine, and at 16-20 weeks of gestational age in the deciduous molars. And the initial deposition of dentin matrix and enamel matrix in the permanent first molar was at 20-22 weeks of gestational age, and that of the permanent incisor was at 34-36 weeks, and that of the permanent canine was 36-38 weeks, and of the permanent premolar was at 38-40 weeks. 2) The S-shaped curvature was characteristically found where the reciprocal induction of odontoblast and amelobast occurred actively in the developing tooth germ. Primarily pre-ameloblasts which abutted on the dental papilla differentiate the condensed mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts, and secondarily matured odontoblasts which bulged into enamel epithelium produced dentin matrix and differentiated the shrunken pre-ameloblasts into ameloblasts. 3) The mandible grew more rapidly than the maxilla during the early prenatal period. The trabecular bone from both jaws proliferated initially into labial side of developing tooth follicle and gradually circumscribed the tooth follicle lingually and mesio-distally, to form perifollicular bone resultantly.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans*

The accepted treatment for significant obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction has in general been open operative surgery. However, attention has recently been drawn to the efficacy of percutaneous pyeloplasty. We experienced the twenty-eight patients of the UPJ obstruction during a 10-year period. Of these patients 20 have underwent open pyeloureteroplasty and 8 were performed percutaneous pyeloplasty. Among these 8 patients, 5 were undergone endopyelotomy only and 3 were dilated successfully by balloon dilation after endopyelotomy. The results led us to evaluate these modalities for treatment of UPJ obstruction and the initial results of percutaneous pyeloplasty were encouraging.
Humans

Hemorrhoids are one of the commonest disorders specific to the human. However, the pathogenesis is not well understood so far. Anal submucosa is largely composed of blood vessels, loose connective tissue and smooth muscles, forming muscular network around the venous plexuses. We analyzed the distribution of smooth muscles in the hemorrhoidal tissues. Immunohistochemical stainings for desmin, vimentin, and Factor VIII related antigen were performed using six freshly frozen hemorrhoidal tissues. All of them were diagnosed as external hemorrhoids. Four anal tissues from Miles' operation specimen without hemorrhoids were used as normal controls. In all six cases, venous plexuses were variably dilated and smooth muscle cells were unevenly distributed. In minimally involved areas, there were relatively sufficient amount of perivascular smooth muscles which were arranged in their bundles. In contrast, only single scattered cells or very small amount of smooth muscle bundles were noted around the dilated vascular plexuses in severely affected areas. In two severe hemorrhoidal tissue samples, vascular plexuses were markedly dilated and only single scattered smooth muscle cells were seen. In conclusion, the total amount of smooth muscles in the submucosa of hemorrhoid tissue was reduced than those of the normal controls. The degree of hemorrhoidal dilation was inversely related to the amount of smooth muscles. However, causal relation between diminution of submucosal smooth muscles and venous dilation remains to be clarified.
Humans

To evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha(TGF-alpha) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and its relation to the differentiation of the tumors, immunohistochemical studies were performed in 49 human gliomas. Tumors were graded by a 3-grade-system; grade I=low grade glioma, grade Il=anaplastic glioma, grade III=glioblastoma multiforme. TGF-A and PCNA were predominantly expressed in malignant gliomas compared with benign gliomas. Malignant gliomas revealed 87% TGF-A reactivity, while benign gliomas revealed 26% TGF-A reactivity. The proliferation index with PCNA was 26%+/-7%(mean+/-standard deviation) in malignant gliomas and 5%?% in benign gliomas. A strong positive correlation between tumor grade and extent of TGF-A and PCNA expression was found(P<0.0001, Chi square and P<0.002, T-test). Synchronous expression of TGF-A and PCNA was observed in 16 cases(33%). The results of this study support the suggestion that the expression of TGF-A might be a useful prognostic indicator in human gliomas.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

A compression tank is normally made like round column shape to the middle part and plate shape in both sides. These kinds of tanks are usually designed to resist inner pressure but if the inner pressure is too high the tank will be exploded and some pieces can severe damage to human. If the shape of corner is about 90 degrees the stress will be very high at corner. So this kind of tank have been manufactured as smooth round corner even though its cost. Although smooth round type of corner, there is always some area of high level of stress and it is very difficult to calculate exactly because of complicate shape of corner. In this case study, here we introduce the FEM method to calculate the exact solution and compare the result with engineering fomula. The edge of tank was modeled like actual edge of tank and the critical inner pressure is 2.5 kg/cm2. This result is proven by engineering formula and we knew that this FEM method would be trustable to calculate a plenty of delicate problem whether the structures have original defect or not.
Humans