OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic variants in two children with neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT). METHODS: Two children who were diagnosed with NSHPT at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University respectively in August 2019 and April 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data were collected, and both children were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The main clinical features of the two children have included growth delay, hypotonia, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperparathyroid hormonemia, and renal calcium deposition. WES results showed that child 1 has harbored a homozygous c.1378_1G>A splicing variant of the CASR gene, which was unreported previously, whilst child 2 has harbored a homozygous c.2038C>T missense variant of the CASR gene, which was known to be likely pathogenic. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the parents of both children were heterozygous carriers. CONCLUSION The homozygous c.1378_1G>A and c.2038C>T variants of the CASR gene probably underlay the NSHPT in the two children. Discovery of the c.1378_1G>A variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the CASR gene.
Humans ; Child ; Mutation ; Homozygote

PURPOSE: The beta-adrenoceptors are pharmacologically classified into beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor. The gene of each subtype has polymorphisms related to their function (beta1-adrenoceptor: Ser49Gly, beta2- adrenoceptor: Gln27Glu, beta3-adrenoceptor: Trp64Arg). The objectives of this study were to analyse the allelic and genotypic distribution of the representative polymorphism of beta-adrenoceptors in preeclampsia and to investigate whether combined genotype of beta-adrenoceptors may be associated with preeclampsia. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from a Korean population (159 preeclamptic pregnancies and 168 normotensive pregnancies). The beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor genotypes was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: There were no differences in allelic and genotypic distribution of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms between the two groups. However, the Arg allele of beta3-adrenoceptor polymorphism were more frequent in preecalmpsia than in controls (P<0.05, OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.01-2.46). Moreover, prevalence of genotype carrying heterozygote of beta3-adrenoceptor polymorphism was increased in preeclampsia compared with controls (P<0.05, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.06-2.92). When combination of the three polymorphisms were evaluated, pregnancies with the particular combined genotype that is consisted of heterozygote of beta1-, beta3-adrenoceptor and wild homozygote of beta2-adrenoceptor (Ser/Gly, Gln/Gln, Trp/Arg), showed a significant increase in the risk of preeclampsia (P<0.05, OR=3.01, 95% CI 1.12-8.08). CONCLUSION: A particular combined genotype (Ser/Gly, Gln/Gln, Trp/Arg) of - adrenoceptors was associated with the risk of preeclampsia.
Alleles ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Adrenergic

with DAT-9 gene allele. And The total score of CIWA-Ar scale in the subject without DAT-9 gene allele was significantly higher than in the subject with DAT-9 gene allele. COMT: The total score of CIWA-Ar scale in heterozygote was significantly higher than in homozygote. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the relationship between specific genetic factors and the withdrawal symptoms of alcohol dependent patients. As the candidate gene of the severity of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, DRD2 Taq1 gene was recommended.
Alcoholism* ; Alleles ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of c.109G>A (p.V37I) variant of the GJB2 gene and its types with the risk of deafness. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP database were searched for cases with GJB2 gene c.109G>A (p.V37I) variant and its compounds with variants of other sites from case-control studies, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies. The search time was from the establishment of database to April 2021. Two researchers have independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and evaluated the included studies according to the criteria. Stata 12.0 software was used for the meta-analysis and publication bias analysis, and a sensitivity analysis was also carried out when necessary. RESULTS: A total of 22 articles (17 in English and 5 in Chinese) were included. There were 7455 cases in the deafness group and 10 464 cases in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed the c.109G>A (p.V37I) variant to be strongly associated with the risk of deafness (OR: 3.56, 95%CI: 2.31-5.47, P < 0.001). Analysis based on the mutational type also suggested c.109G>A (p.V37I) homozygosity (OR: 11.36, 95%CI: 5.93-21.74, P < 0.001) and compound loss of heterozygosity mutations (OR: 9.27, 95%CI: 3.97-21.64, P < 0.001) to be strongly associated with the risk of deafness. By contrast, heterozygous c.109G>A (p.V37I) variant (OR: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.72-2.00, P = 0.478) and compound heterozygous missense mutation (OR: 1.54, 95%CI: 0.98-2.44, P = 0.063) are not strongly associated with the risk. CONCLUSION The homozygous c.109G>A (p.V37I) variants of the GJB2 gene and its compound deletional mutation with another GJB2 allele can significantly increase the risk of deafness. Heterozygous c.109G>A (p.V37I) variant of the GJB2 gene or its compound with a missense mutation of another GJB2 allele do not increase the risk.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Alleles ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Deafness/genetics*

The overall prevalence of uniparental disomy (UPD) across all chromosomes was estimated to be around one birth in 2000. To date, more than 4170 UPD cases have been registered. UPD for chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, and 20 can result in clinically recognizable imprinting disorders due to abnormal levels of imprinted gene expression. For other chromosomes, the clinical consequences associated with UPD are not apparent, unless when a recessive genetic disorder is unmasked by UPD or regions of homozygosity (ROH). A clinical practice guideline will assist in strengthening the precise analysis and interpretation of the clinical significance of ROH/UPD. This guideline summarizes the conception, mechanism and clinical consequences of ROH/UPD, as well as the principles for data analysis, with an aim to standardize the clinical application and data interpretation.
Gene Expression ; Genomic Imprinting ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Uniparental Disomy/genetics*

Male ; Humans ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Mutation ; Homozygote

BACKGROUND: In Korean population, antigen frequencies of HNA-1a, HNA-1b, and HNA-2a are determined using a serological and genotyping method. However, no study has been done to assess the gene frequencies of HNA-4a and HNA-5a. It has been reported that the antibody against HNA-4a is associated with alloimmune neutropenia and autoimune neutropenia; however, there is no confirmed clinical report on anti-HNA-5a-related disorders. The aim of this study was to determine HNA-4a and HNA-5a gene frequencies among the Korean population. METHODS: Genotyping of HNA-4a and HNA-5a genes of 110 healthy and unrelated Korean donors was performed using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers and an allelespecific restriction enzyme analysis. RESULTS: We found that the gene frequencies of HNA-4a and HNA-5a were 0.99 (107/110) and 0.96 (3/110), respectively, among the Korean population. But only the ones of the latter was significantly higher (P<0.01) than in the one of Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: The gene frequencies of HNA-4a and HNA-5a were determined. We also identified an individual who was the HNA-5a-negative homozygote for the granulocyte panel that could be used for anti-HNA-5a antibody identification.
Gene Frequency* ; Granulocytes ; Homozygote ; Humans* ; Neutropenia ; Neutrophils* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Restriction Mapping ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with endometriosis. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-one women with surgically or histologically diagnosed edometriosis of stage I-IV, and 219 patients with no evidence of endometriosis by laparoscopy or laparotomy served as control. Allele frequencies and genotype distribution of p53 polymorphisms (arginine homozygosity, heterozygosity, and proline homozygosity) in affected women and controls were evaluated. RESULTS: The genotype distributions of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms did not differ significantly between endometriosis group and control group (p=0.086). However, the genotype distributions of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms differ significantly between stage I-II endometriosis group and control group (p=0.043). Proline homozygotes had higher risk for stage I-II endometriosis compared to arginine homozygotes (odds ratio=2.75, p=0.013). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that proline homozygote of p53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with the risk of minimal or mild stage of endometriosis in the Korean population.
Arginine ; Codon* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Proline

BACKGROUND: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. MTHFR 677TT genotype can induce hyperhomocysteinemia. However, the association between this 677TT genotype and ischemic stroke still remains controversial. This study was undertaken to determine whether MTHFR 677TT genotype was associated with certain subtype of ischemic stroke. METHODS: The case group consisted of 129 patients with ischemic stroke and the control group consisted of 157 healthy individuals. We checked their fasting plasma homocysteine levels and analyzed the C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene. The relative risk of MTHFR 677TT genotype was assessed by odds ratios using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Homocysteine levels in plasma were significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients (10.386.44 mol/L) than in controls (8.002.40) (P<0.05). In small-artery disease (11.366.01), the same result was found (P<0.05). On the other hand, the prevalence of the homozygote mutation was not significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients (20.2%) than in controls (13.4%) (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.96). The adjusted OR and 95% CI was 2.59 (1.08 to 6.25) for the TT genotype in patients with small-artery disease compared to controls. The 677TT genotype was increased in small-artery disease compared to large-artery disease (adjusted OR 7.60, 95% CI 1.66 to 34.77). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the homozygous C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene is a risk predictor in the subtype of ischemic stroke, such as small-artery disease.
Fasting ; Genotype ; Hand ; Homocysteine ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Plasma ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke*

When cells are exposed to low doses of a mutagenic or clastogenic agents, they often become less sensitive to the effects of a higher does administered subsequently. Such adaptive responses were first described in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells to low doses of an alkylating agent. Since most of the studies have been carried out with human lymphocytes, it is urgently necessary to study this effect in different cellular systems. Its relation with inherent cellular radiosensitivity and underlying mechanism also remain to be answered. In this study, adaptive response by 1 cGy of gamma rays was investigated in three human lymphoblastoid cell lines which were derived from ataxia telangiectasia homozygote, ataxia telangiectasia heterozygote, and normal individual. Experiments were carried out by delivering 1 cGy followed by 50 cGy of gamma radiation and chromatid breaks were scored as an endpoint. The results indicate that prior exposure to 1 cGy of gamma rays reduces the number of chromatid breaks induced by subsequent higher does (50 cGy). The expression of this adaptive response was similar among three cell lines despite of their different radiosensitivity. When 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, was added after 50 cGy, adaptive responses were abolished in all the tested cell lines. Therefore it is suggested that the adaptive response can be observed in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Which was first documented through this study. The expression of adaptive response was similar among the cell lines regardless of their radiosensitivity. The elimination of the adaptive response by 3-aminobenzamide is consistent with the proposal that this adaptive response is the result of the induction of a certain chromosomal repair mechanism.
Ataxia Telangiectasia ; Cell Line* ; Chromatids ; Escherichia coli ; Gamma Rays* ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes ; Radiation Tolerance