1.The Effect of Topical Pilocarpine on Basic Tear Secretion.
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2006;47(12):1895-1900
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of topical pilocarpine on basic tear secretion, using the Schirmer test. METHODS: The Schirmer test was performed in 22 eyes of 11 healthy volunteers before instillation and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after instillation of 1% pilocarpine and in 22 eyes of 12 healthy volunteers before instillation and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after instillation of 2% pilocarpine. As for control group, the Schirmer test was performed in 22 eyes of 11 healthy volunteers by the same method except with normal saline. RESULTS: The ratio of tear secretion was calculated by dividing the wet length of a Schirmer strip after instillation by the wet length before instillation for comparative analysis. In the control group, the mean ratio decreased with time to 0.78 at 10 minutes, 0.64 at 20 minutes, and 0.63 at 30 minutes after instillation of normal saline. In the 1% pilocarpine group, the mean ratio decreased with time, but there was no significant difference in comparison to the ratio of the control group. In the 2% pilocarpine group, the ratio increased significantly to 1.28 (p<0.001) at 10 minutes, 1.07 (p=0.002) at 20 minutes, and decreased to 0.63 (p=0.041) at 30 minutes after instillation. CONCLUSIONS: The basic tear secretion did not change significantly after instillation of 1% pilocarpine but increased significantly at 10 minutes after instillation of 2% pilocarpine to the highest level observed, which was followed by a decrease in basic tear secretion.
Healthy Volunteers
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Pilocarpine*
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Tears*
2.Preliminary Standardization of the Computerized Standard Progressive Matrices in Korean Adults.
Kyoo Seob HA ; Han Ik YOO ; Seong Yoon KIM ; Jae Jin KIM ; Kyung Sue HONG ; Chang Uk LEE ; Jun Soo KWON ; Min Sup SHIN ; Min Soo LEE ; Byung Hoon OH ; Byeong Kil YEON
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1999;38(5):1038-1046
OBJECTIVES: We conducted this study to provide standardized data of the computerized Standard Progressive Matirices(SPM)test in Korean adults. METHODS: The computerized SPM test was administered to 353 healthy volunteers aged 18 years over. We provided the standardized data(percentile and standardized T-scores)for the groups with similar mean and distribution of SPM scores, which was originally divided by age and sex. The validity of the new standardized data was tested by comparing IQs estimated by SPM and K-WAIS. RESULTS: The standardized SPM data were provided for four age groups: 18 to 30 years, 31 to 40 years, 41 to 50 years, 51 years and over. IQ estimated by this standardized data tends to be closer to IQ by K-WAIS than the IQ estimated by foreign normative data. CONCLUSION: The standardized data of the computerized SPM were proven to be a useful and valid tool for measuring IQ briefly, compared with the conventional way of measuring IQ.
Adult*
;
Healthy Volunteers
;
Humans
3.A Study of Sole Prints in Normal Korean People.
Korean Journal of Dermatology 1981;19(3):261-269
Sole prints were analyzed from one thousand normal volunteers (500 males and 500 females) to establish dermatoglyphics of Korean people, and the following resuIts were obtained: The triradius P was present in 49.1% of the right soles and 40.6% of the lefts, or 44.9% of the entire series. The fibular radiant of triradius P was directed into the fourth interdigital intervals in 54.9% of the soles, and the next common terrninations were in the digital triradius c 15.3%, the third interdigital interval, 12. 5% and distal portion of the fibular border, 9.4%. In right soles the tendeney was for the radiant to extent farther tibialward than in lefts, where the inverse tendency was reflected in sharp rise in the number of endings on the fibular borders and decrease of endings tibialward. The distal radiant of triradius P terminated in the first interdigital interval, 46.5%, the interdigital triradius a, 32. 5%, and the second interdigital interval,. 20.5%, and rarely the distal radiant fused with digital triradius, 0.6% Of the alignments of ridges of the soles, 72.7;. of the soles exhibited transvcrsely coursing ridges in the mid-region, and the remainder were slight fibuloproximal slants,Grade 2) 18.2%, and slight fibulodistal slants (Grade 4) 8, 7%. There was a tendency of right soles to favor the fibulo-proximal slant, and of lefts, the fibulo-distal sIant. In the calcar region 44.1% of the soles presented a slight fibulo-distal slant, and the next cmmon direction was transverse, 37.4% Right soles tended more to the transverse alignment, while lefts displayed a ... (continue)
Dermatoglyphics
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Healthy Volunteers
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Humans
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Male
4.A Study of Changes of Inversion Time Effect on Brain Volume of Normal Volunteers.
Ju Ho KIM ; Seong Hu KIM ; Hwa Seon SHIN ; Ji Eun KIM ; Jae Boem NA ; Kisoo PARK ; Dae Seob CHOI
Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2013;17(4):286-293
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze the brain volume according to the brain image of healthy adults in the 20s taken with different inversion time (TI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain images of healthy adults in the 20 s were acquired using magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) pulse sequence with 1.5 mm thickness of pieces and four inversion times (1100 ms, 1000 ms, 900 ms, 800 ms). The acquired brain images were analyzed to measure the volume of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), intracranial volume (ICV). The statistical difference according to brain volume and gender was analyzed for each TI. RESULTS: The brain volume calculated using Freesurfer was WM=486.52+/-48.64 cm3 and GM=646.86+/-57.12 cm3 in mean when adjusted by mean ICV=1278.94+/-154.92 cm3. Men's brain volume(WM, GM, ICV) was larger than women's brain volume. In the intrarater reliability test, all of the intraclass correlation coefficients were high (0.992 for WM, 0.988 for GM, and 0.997 for ICV). In the repeated measures analysis of variance, GM and ICV did not show a significant difference at each TI (GM p=0.143, ICV p=0.052), but WM showed a significant (p=0.001). In the linear structure relation analysis, all of the Pearson correlation coefficients were high. CONCLUSION: WM, GM, and ICV indicated high reliability and solid linear structure relations, but WM showed significant differences at each TI. The brain volume of healthy adults in the 20s could be used in comparison with that of patients for reference purposes and to predict the structural change of brain. It would be needed to conduct additional studies to examine the contract, SNR, and lesion detection ability according to variable TI.
Adult
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Brain*
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Healthy Volunteers*
;
Humans
5.Evaluation of 51Cr labelled In-vivo Crossmatching Test.
Kap No LEE ; Chae Seung LIM ; Chun Soo LIM ; Young Ki KIM ; Gun LEE
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 1995;6(1):1-8
For the evaluation of the 51Cr labelled in-vivo crossmatching test as a transfusion safety test, We examined the viability of the thransfused autologous and heterologous 51Cr labelled red cell at 1 hour and 24 hour in 6 normal volunteers and 4 patients whose RBC had been stored in CPDA-1 media from 1 day to 30 day. In both autologous transfusion control group(n=3) and allogeneic transfusion control group(n=3), the in-vivo RBC survival rate were more than 70% at 1 hour and 24 hour compared to that of basal 3 minute result(percent counted as 100%), and the eluted free radioisotope activity was less than 5% compared to that of whole blood. The crossmatch incompatible patient group also satisfied the safe transfusion criteria. The mean labelling efficiency which was tested in three patients was more than 95% and also satisfactory to reliable test. We concluded that in-vivo crossmatching test using 51Cr radioisotope would give us valuable informations about transfusion safety, especially in serologically incompatible patients.
Healthy Volunteers
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Humans
;
Survival Rate
6.Analysis of Facial Motion Using Digitized Images.
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1998;41(2):179-182
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many tools are available for the evaluation of facial motion. They run the gamut from the gross scale proposed by House and May, the regional scale preferred by Adour and Yanagihara and the personal computers used by Neely and Isono. However, more objective and accurate tools of evaluation are still in need. With the aim of establishing a simple, objective evaluation method of facial motion, we devised a computerized image-difference analysis system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Facial motions of 14 normal volunteers were analyzed utilizing the computerized image-difference analysis system. Techniques such as image capturing, subtraction and thresholding were used to anlayze resting, smiling and eyeclosing motions of face. RESULTS: The subtracted image of a resting-face from an eye-closing face showed a greater movement in the eye area than in the mouth area. The subtracted image of a resting-face from a smiling face showed a greater movement in the mouth area than in the eye area. But there were no statistical differences between the right and the left side of the face of the same subject(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is possible to use the image analysis system to access facial motion of subjects with or without the normal facial motion.
Healthy Volunteers
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Microcomputers
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Mouth
;
Smiling
7.A Study of the Effect of Nicotinic acid and Its Substitutes on Cutaneous Blood Flow.
Korean Journal of Dermatology 1989;27(1):17-22
The ability of nicotinic acid and its substitutes to increase cutaneous blood flow has been measured by laser Doppler flowmeter in 30 healthy human volunteers. We applied nicotinarnide, nicotinic acid ethyl ester, nicotinic acid methyl ester, hexyl nicozinate each in an acqeous solution at a concentration of 10 mM/liter for 10 minutes occlusion on the forearm. The change of blood flow was serially checked at 5 to 10 minutes intervals for one hour. The study results were as follows : l. The relative maximum cutaneous blood flow response was in following order nicotinic acid methyl ester(100%), nicotinic acid ethyl ester(98%), hexyl nicotinate (84%) and nicotinic acid(63%). However, there was no statistically significant difference(p>0.05) between each drug. There was statististically significant difference between nicotinamide and all other nicotinic acid substitutes(p<0.05). 2. The time required to reach maximum blood flow response was 6.7 minutes for hexyl nicotinste, 10 minutes for nicotinic acid ethyl ester, 12.5 minutes for nicotinic acid methyl ester and 20 minutes for nicotinic acid. However, there was statistically significant difference between hexyl nicotinate and nicotinic acid only(p<0.05). 3. Significant decrease of cutaneous blood flow was observed one hour after the removal of the patches in all drugs.
Flowmeters
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Forearm
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Healthy Volunteers
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Niacin*
;
Niacinamide
8.Effect of Refractive Error on the Multifocal Electroretinogram.
Soon Chul BAEK ; Tae Kwan PARK ; Seung Min KANG ; Young Hoon OHN
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2004;45(4):557-563
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of refractive blur on the results of mfERG. METHODS: mfERG was performed on 10 healthy volunteers with a refractive error within +/- 1 diopter. The central 30 degrees of the ocular fundus were stimulated by an array of 103 hexagonal elements, for four minutes, using VERISTM. To change the refractive status, 6-cm diameter corrective lens, of -6, -4, -2, plano, +2, +4, and +6 diopters, were placed in front of the eyes, and the examination distance adjusted to compensate retinal image size changes due to corrective lens. The mfERG responses were grouped by 6 concentric rings, and then averaged. For each ring, the latencies and amplitudes of the N1, P1 and N2 were analyzed. The 6 rings were divided into the central (ring 1, 2) and peripheral (ring 3~6) retina, and the latencies and amplitudes of the N1, P1 and N2 were then also analyzed. RESULTS: Refractive blur can affect the results of the mfERG. Latency delay was more common at the peripheral than central retina, but had no statistically significant correlations with the refractive power increase. CONCLUSIONS: When the viewing distance was adjusted to create a constant retinal image size, the influence of refractive blur may cause some changes in the mfERG results. Therefore, when evaluating the results of an mfERG, the effects of the refractive error should be borne in mind.
Healthy Volunteers
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Refractive Errors*
;
Retina
;
Retinaldehyde
9.Reproducibility of Hemispheric Language Dominance by Noun, Verb, Adjective and Adverb Generation Paradigms in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Normal Volunteers.
In Chan SONG ; Kee Hyun CHANG ; Chun Kee CHUNG ; Sang Hyun LEE ; Moon Hee HAN
Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2001;5(1):24-32
PURPOSE: We investigated the reproducibility of language lateralization by 4 different word generation paradigms or the rest contents in each paradigm using functional magnetic resonance imaging in normal volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine normal volunteers with left-handedness (mean age: 25 yrs) were examined on a 1.5T MR unit using a single-shot gradient echo epibold sequence. Four different word generation paradigms of noun, verb, adjective and adverb were used in each normal volunteer for investigating language system. In each paradigm, two different rest contents consisted of only seeing the "+" symbol or reading the meaningless letters. Each task consisted of 96 phases including 3 activations and 6 rests of 2 different contents. Two activation maps in one task were obtained under two different rest contents using the correlation method. We evaluated the detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas and the differences of language lateralization among four different word generation paradigms, or between the rest contents. RESULTS: The detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas were over 67% in 4 different language paradigms and there was no significant difference of them among language paradigms, or between two different rest contents. Language dominances, in all 4 different language paradigms, were shown to be consistent in 66%, but were contrary with language paradigms in some subjects. The rest contents made no significant effect on dominant language dominance determination, but the success rates of the dominant language dominances determined from 4 language paradigms were higher in reading the meaningless letter (100%, n=9) than in only seeing "+" on screen at the rest task (78%, n=7). CONCLUSION: High detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas and high reproducibility of hemispheric language dominance in 4 different language paradigms showed functional MR imaging of our word generation paradigms was reliable and may be clinically useful. However, some inconsistency of hemispheric language dominance with language paradigms or the rest contents suggests that robust and reliable determination of language lateralization may need the performance of different paradigm types or the consideration of rest contents.
Healthy Volunteers*
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
;
Temporal Lobe
10.The effect of divided dose of atropine on the pulse rate in man .
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 1970;3(1):17-19
In human volunteers, 0.25mg of atropine was given in divided doses(0.1mg and 0.15mg) with an interval of 15 minutes and 50 minutes When atropine was given with an interval of 15 minutes, the first dose (0.1mg) produced bardycardia and the second does caused slight increase of pulse rate which did not exceed the original rate. When atropine was given with an interval of 50 minutes, the first dose (0.1mg) produced bradycardia and the second dose marked increase of pulse rate which exceeded the original rate.
Atropine*
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Bradycardia
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Healthy Volunteers
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Heart Rate*