This paper will focus only on the recommendations or guidelines on the evaluation for female infertility. Most of the recommendations were based on the Fertility Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems Guideline by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
Human ; Female ; INFERTILITY, FEMALE

No abstract available.
Female ; Female* ; Genitalia, Female* ; Humans ; Incidence*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans

We experienced a case of submucosal gastric actinomycosis, presenting as bleeding. The 65-year-old woman had a symptom of epigastric pain, without any other intra-abdominal disease entity. A gastrofiberscopic study demonstrated a submucosal mass lesion with bleeding at the fundus. Because of the bleeding, laparotomy was undertaken, and a abscess containing a large mass was found at the gastric fundus, and total gastrectomy undertaken. Histological examination revealed a giant acute ulcer with a submucosal abscess due to actinomycosis. Because of its rarity, submucosal gastric actinomycosis is an entity overlooked by most surgeons. We report upon this case of submucosal gastric actinomycosis and include a review of the literature.
Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: Women with large breasts suffer from both physical embarrassment and physical discomfort. Recently, partially due to socioeconomic development, growing numbers of woman with large breasts have sought reduction surgery, which previously had not been popular in Korea. At this time, a proper evaluation of the operation is required in order to promote the procedure. METHODS: Case files of 60 reduction operations using the inferior pedicle flap method for the reduction of large breasts were clinically reviewed. RESULTS: The patients were aged 19~65 (mean 34.5) years. The primary reasons for surgery were self-consciousness, shoulder/neck/back pain, wet skinfold/eczema and intractable mastalgia. Breast parenchymal pattern analysis by mammography revealed relatively a high frequency of dysplastic change (DY) among women with intractable breast pain, which was nearly entirely relieved by reduction surgery. The nipple-areolar complex were saved with inferior dermal pedicle flaps without any occurrence of necrosis. An average of 350 (range 50~800) grams of tissue from each breast was removed. There were no blood transfusions and significant postoperative complications were rare, although some patients complained of hypertrophic scars. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results were sufficiently satifactory to consider reduction surgery for inappropriately large breasts as a rehabilitative method.
Female ; Humans

The clinical and pathological features of a distinctive female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) are presented. As fat as our knowledge is concerned, no report on the FATWO has been published in Korea. In April, 1986, we experienced a case of FATWO that arose within the leaf of the right broad ligament in a 68 years old female. Clinical data and histopathological findings of the case were discussed and a brief review of the literature on this entity was made.
Female ; Humans

Renal cell carcinoma, intimately associated with a sarcomatous component, is a rare malignant renal tumor. There is disagreement whether these represent true sarcomas or are sarcomatoid metaplasia. Therefore, this sarcomatous component is at times still a troublesome problem for pathologists. In March, 1986, we experienced a case of renal cell carcinoma associated with rhabdomyosarcomatous component in 47 year-old woman who had a rapidly enlarged, palpable abdominal mass. Grossly, a spherical renal cell carcinoma, 17x14x10 cm, in upper and middle portions of the right kidney showed extension through the renal capsule into the perirenal fat. Area of myxoid change was evident in the reanl cell carcinoma, with extensive hemorrhagic necrosis. Microscopically, in the myxoid area, there was malignant spindle cell proliferation in which many rhabdomyoblasts showing distinct cross striation could be demonstrated. This rhabdomyosarcomatous component intermixed with renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type could be also identified in the focal area.
Female ; Humans

Adenomatoid tumor of the uterus is a rare benign neoplasm which has been known as mesothelial origin. Characteristically, it appears as a small nodular lesion less than 2.0cm in the myometrium of subserosal region. We describe a case of giant adenomatoid tumor of the uterus having multicystic gross appearance. A 49-year-old woman complained of vaginal bleeding. The tumor was an intramural mass with maximum diameter of 10 cm and located at posterior wall of the uterus. Histologically, the tumor was composed of multiple cystic cavities of variable size lined by flattened cells, lying among thin septa of connective tissue. Immunohistochemically, the cells are positive for low molecular weight cytokeratin(CAM 5.2) and are negative for factor VIII.
Female ; Humans

Primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) is a recently described, distinct subtype of ovarian carcinoma resembling TCC of the urinary bladder. TCC differs from malignant Brenner tumor(MBT) by absence of benign or proliferative Brenner component and prominent stromal calcification. TCC also represents a high-stage tumor with more aggressive biologic behavior than MBT, but it has a relatively favorable response to chemotherapy. TCC may arise from the pluripotential surface epithelium of the ovary or from the cells with urothelial differentiation, rather than from a benign or proliferative Brenner tumor precursors. We report a case of pure form of primary TCC presenting as a left ovarian mass in 45-year-old woman.
Female ; Humans

Gastrointestinal manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IpO) is a rare, poorly understood and recently recognized gastrointestinal manifestation of SLE. We report a 26-year-old female with SLE for 3 years. 10 months ago, IpO was diagnosed first, and it was responded well to high-dose steroid therapy. After then, oral prednisolone and azathioprine were administered, but the patient had been lost to follow up until recurrence of IpO. She was admitted with diffuse abdominal pain, distension, frequent vomiting, and intermittent dysuria due to recurrent IpO accompanied with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. Despite of high dose steroid therapy, her symptom and imaging findings were not improved. The patient was treated with pulses of cyclophosphamide, and then the patient's symptoms and signs were gradually subsided. Three weeks following cyclophosphamide therapy, she was able to eat without vomiting and following abdominal CT showed nearly complete resolution of diffuse intestinal distension and bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. High level of awareness of IpO in SLE and appropriate medical treatment is needed to prevent unnecessary surgical treatment. And if this complication is refractory to corticosteroid, active immunosuppressive therapy, such as cyclophosphamide, should be considered.
Female ; Humans