Rubella is an acute and contagious disease which is mainly characterized by fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy. This contagious disease spreads easily through nasopharyngeal secretions, droplet or direct contact with patients. Meanwhile clinical features of scarlet fever include a sore throat, skin rash and strawberry tongue. A descriptive study was conducted to describe the epidemiological characteristic of diseases at a Training Camp in Mersing. Data obtained on demographic details, onset and time of fever and rash or contact with ill person 14 to 21 days prior to symptoms. Screening and interview conducted for all suspected cases of Rubella. 47.4% of the cases presented on 5th June 2012 followed by 15.8% on 11th June 2012 and 13.5% on 12th June 2012. Maculo papular rash was the predominant presenting symptom among students with acute infection in this outbreak (100%) followed by fever (36.8%). Measles specific IgM was not detected in the serum taken but rubella specific IgM was detected in 66.7% (6/19) of samples. 55% (11/20) were positive for ASOT. 4 trainees had Rubella and Scarlet Fever co-infection. It was found out that the outbreak occurred among 391 residents in the camp who shared common places for activities such as lecture, physical activity and meal. Rapid dissemination was due to overcrowded environment and close contact during common activities of the residents. Theoretically co-infection would be presented with severe clinical symptoms but not in this outbreak where all affected trainees only presented with mild fever and rashes.
Disease Outbreaks

No abstract available.
Disease Outbreaks

The clinical picture in severe cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza is markedly different from the disease pattern seen during the epidemics of seasonal influenza as many of those affected were previously healthy young people. Current predictions estimate that during a pandemic wave, 12~30% of the population will develop clinical influenza (compared with 5~15% for seasonal influenza) with 4% of those patients requiring hospital admissions and one in five requiring critical care. Until July 6, 94,512 people have been infected in 122 countries, of whom 429 have died with an overall case-fatality rate of <0.5%. Most of the confirmed cases of S-OIV (Swine- Origin Influenza A Virus) infection have been characterized by a self-limited, uncomplicated febrile respiratory illness and 38% of the cases have also included vomiting or diarrhea. Efforts to control these outbreaks are based on our understanding of novel S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus) and the previous influenza pandemics. So, this review covers the experience with S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus) for the admission and background data and the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of H1N1 in pediatric patient with S-OIV (Swine-Origin Influenza A Virus) at YUMC, 2009.
Critical Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Pandemics ; Seasons ; Vomiting

An epidemiological investigation was carried out on a local cluster of outbreak caused by imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rural areas of Chengdu in December 2020, to find out the source of infection and the chain of transmission. According to
COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2

Retrospective study on the epidemiology of 9 cholera outbreaks at Hai Phong city during 1976-1996 was carried out basing on some epidemiological characteristics of cholera outbreaks allowed providing the hypothesis of cholera at Hai Phong was imported. V.cholera O1 generated the Ogawa serum type in 1976, 1980 and 1981; Inaba serum type in 1983, 1986 and 1987; Ogawa serum type in 1994, 1995 and 1996. The incidence from 22 to 43/100.000 population and it was high in the first outbreaks. The rate of adults was higher (64%-87%) than that in children and old people.
Disease Outbreaks ; epidemiology

There were 89 patients, no death in an outbreak of cholera in Dong Thap province, which happened on January 1st 1999 and lasted for 2 months. The morbidity was 5,61/100.000 inhabitants with all ages; the disease occurred at districts, towns along the Cuu Long river. Local authorities had conducted measures for cholera prevention and control.
Cholera ; Disease Outbreaks

There was not cholera outbreak at Nghe An province during 1996-1999. The cholera outbreak happened from the end of August to the beginning of 9/2000 at 2 Thai minority hamlets of a mountainous commune, Tuong Duong district. There were 52 cases, 1 death of 75 years old, 29 males and 23 females, the disease occurred mainly in adults (92,3%). 3 samples of patients' faces were cultivated and isolated found Ogawa serum Vibrio cholera type vibrio. There were 10 preventive measures.
Cholera ; Disease Outbreaks

Risk of food related poison and outbreak of the food borne diseases is increasingly in the world. Most of the food borne disease caused by microbial and parasites. There were at least 16 species of microorganism, 4 species of virus, 4 species of protozoan and 13 species of helminthes that can cause the disease by food. Each country should establish the strategy of the food safety with the detailed solutions on the management, production and processing of the food as well as education and communication in the community.
Disease Outbreaks ; Food

In 1998, Dengue viruses were prevalent in Southern Vietnam and 455.70 cases/100,000 population with 347 deaths were recorded. 219 dengue viruses were isolated from dengue haemorrhagic fever patients' serum, in which there were 26 dengue-1, 27 dengue-2, 162 dengue-3 and 4 dengue-4. 65.88% of isolates were recovered from children under 14 years old, 18.22% from older patients
Dengue ; Disease Outbreaks

In Southern Viet Nam, since 1987 up to now, the viroligical surveillance offered knowledge of the epidemic serotype of dengue virus by years and its activity cycle as dengue-1 is 6 years since 1990; dengue-3 was introduced since 1995 and still acting for 2 or 3 years in the future. Genomic structure of the DEN-2/Vietnam/87 is somewhat different in comparison with many topotypes in the world, but closely related to the DEN-2 topotype of Jamaica. A close relationship has demonstrated between the DEN-3/VietNam/97-98 with the DEN-3/Thailand/1987. Confirmed DHF cases are demonstrated through virological and serological surveillance in the first quarter of the year. Therefore, the active surveillance and the DHF control programme must be implemented within this time
Dengue ; Disease Outbreaks