Mindfulness-based psychotherapy, known as the third-wave cognitive behavior therapy, showed a multi-cultural integration trend. As part of it, willing acceptance and commitment therapy not only took root in the discoveries in the fields of evolutionary psychology and cognitive psychology, but also absorbed the concepts of psychotherapy from Chinese traditional culture. As a result, it regards truth and harmony as the essence of health, proposes a triangle model (health/pain-willing acceptance-striving) to elucidate the mechanism of psychopathology and psychotherapy in theory. Operationally, it contains four principles of psychotherapy, which are as follow: "knowing yourself and others, reaction but adequately, reality as well as harmony, willing acceptance and striving". Furthermore, it proposes eight therapeutic procedures including "understand yourself, recognize suffering, check coping style, keep openness and acceptance, mindfulness and flexibility, live in the moment, clarify the value, and commit action". With these principles and procedures, willing acceptance and commitment therapy aims to fade the neural trace of patients' painful memories, improve their psychological flexibility and rebuild their lifestyles consistent with their values.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Humans ; Mindfulness ; Stress, Psychological

Depressive disorders are psychiatric diseases that have a high recurrent rate. Therefore, several psychosocial treatments have been tried to prevent recurrence of depression. Mindfulness-based therapy is psychotherapy designed to selectively focus on improving attention and awareness. Typical mindfulness-based therapy programs include mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). MBSR was designed to be an easy-to-use stress reduction program and was reported to be effective in psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders. MBCT combines mindfulness with cognitive therapy, and aims at cognitive change based on mindfulness. In DBT, the patient learns how to deal with their emotions, thereby reducing impulsive behaviors. ACT helps to understand oneself by learning key concepts of acceptance and commitment. MBCT has recently been described as a primary treatment for the prevention of the recurrence of depressive disorder and has been reported to have effects on acute phase treatment. Many studies have shown that mindfulness can induce brain changes in default mode network and emotional regulation regions. In conclusion, mindfulness-based therapies have the potential to become effective therapeutic tools for psychiatric disorders such as depressive disorder.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Behavior Therapy ; Brain ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Learning ; Mindfulness ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Psychotherapy ; Recurrence

Background and Objective: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), a novel treatment, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the standard treatment, are both effective in treating anxiety in adolescents. This study determined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions versus cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing symptoms of anxiety among adolescents experiencing social anxiety through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic approach was used to identify eligible studies. Electronic databases, reference lists of relevant articles, and gray literature were searched. Data was analyzed using RevMan to calculate standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and subgroups. Heterogeneity was measured using visual assessment, the I2 statistic, and chi-square test. Results: Randomized controlled trials comparing MBI to CBT for adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety or social phobia disorder were analyzed, with non-randomized studies being excluded. Structured searches in electronic databases, reference lists, and gray literature were conducted by four independent reviewers who initially identified potential articles through title and abstract screening. After a comprehensive review of full-text articles and a consensus-building process, the selection of included articles was finalized. Data was analyzed using RevMan to calculate standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and to examine subgroups, with heterogeneity being assessed through visual evaluation, the I² statistic, and chi-square tests. Total number of participants was 255; 101 were male and 158 were women. Mean age was 27.5 years old, and diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, or DSM-IV-Defined-Anxiety-Disorder. They were divided into two groups: 125 participated in 8- to 12-week MBI sessions lasting 2 hours each, while 130 underwent 2-hour CBT sessions spanning 8, 12, or 14 weeks. There is moderate quality of evidence reporting non-significant difference on MBI vs CBT's effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of social anxiety [mean (95% CI) = -0.04 (-0.58, 0.51)]. Conclusion Study found that there were no significant differences between Mindfulness-Based Interventions and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in reducing social anxiety in adolescents. Mindfulness interventions have advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness for reducing symptoms of anxiety. Future research should include larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to further assess long-term effects of these interventions.
Adolescent ; Mindfulness ; Anxiety ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Occupational Therapy

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine whether mindfulness skills are mediating the improvements of depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders who practiced Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). METHODS: A total of 19 patients with mood disorder were included in this study. The participants were divided into two subgroups: a normal to mild depression group and a moderate depression group. The participants completed questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, suicidal idea, and mindfulness skills which were measured by the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) before and after MBCT course. RESULTS: The moderate depression group showed improvements through MBCT in depressive symptoms and suicidal idea, but not in anxiety and quality of life. The normal to mild depression group showed no significant change through MBCT. The improvement of depressive symptoms in the moderate depression group was predictable by improvements of the five facets of mindfulness, especially by ‘observe’ and ‘non-react’ components. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that currently depressive patients with moderate severity but not with normal to mild severity benefit from MBCT in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal idea. The improvement of depressive symptoms was mediated by improved mindfulness skills through MBCT.
Anxiety ; Cognitive Therapy* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mindfulness* ; Mood Disorders* ; Negotiating ; Quality of Life

The purpose of this study was to introduce acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for diabetes educators and review its effectiveness on diabetes patient self-care and mental health. ACT can reduce disease burden by reducing cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. Psychotherapy such as ACT may be a useful intervention for helping diabetes patients to improve self-care and mental health conditions. Diabetes educators should make continuous efforts to practice ACT for patients in clinical settings.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy* ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Psychotherapy ; Self Care

PURPOSE: Although the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for panic disorder (PD) has been studied previously, data on the predictors of treatment outcomes in MBCT for PD are scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with PD were screened to analyze treatment outcomes such as MBCT completion, treatment response, and remission after undergoing MBCT for PD. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid personality disorders, and baseline medication doses were examined. The study administered the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised to patients at baseline and at eight weeks. RESULTS: Sixty-five participants were enrolled in the present study. Comorbid personality disorder was significantly associated with MBCT non-completion. We found that anxiety sensitivity (AS) improvement after an eight week MBCT program was a statistically significant factor associated with treatment response. Using logistic regression analysis, AS improvement after MBCT showed significant association with PD remission after MBCT. CONCLUSION: Comorbid personality disorders of participants could be a potential predictor of MBCT non-completion. Furthermore, AS improvement after MBCT may predict treatment response and remission after MBCT for PD. However, better designed studies with a larger number of patients are needed to confirm our findings.
Adult ; Cognitive Therapy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mindfulness/*methods ; Panic Disorder/*therapy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Young Adult

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires long-term management and is accompanied by emotional stress. Psychological difficulties arising from the need for persistent self-management and difficulties due to complications related to the illness also lead to depression. Such depression results in difficulty controlling HbA1C, diet, exercise and medication. Therefore, depression management for diabetic patients is needed. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy modifies negative thinking patterns through mindfulness meditation that trains individuals to pay attention to what is and to not intentionally judge situations. This helps to ease depression and prevent a return to negative feelings. Thus, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy could help with blood glucose management and the emotional stability of diabetic patients.
Blood Glucose ; Chronic Disease ; Cognitive Therapy* ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Humans ; Intention ; Meditation ; Mindfulness ; Self Care ; Stress, Psychological ; Thinking

Mindfulness training is growing in popularity as an adjunctive intervention in disordered eating and weight loss. Lifestyle modification, pharmacologic treatment, and surgical intervention have been widely used for weight reduction in obese persons, but these modifications are sometimes insufficient. In particular, stress-induced eating and binge-eating disorder have been frequently associated with increased risk of regaining weight. Initial research suggests that mindfulness training may be an effective intervention for binge eating. In this article, we reviewed 19 studies that investigated mindfulness training as an intervention for weight change and/or emotional eating. Results suggest that mindfulness training effectively decreases emotional eating in persons with good adherence to the training; evidence for its effect on weight reduction, however, is mixed. Further large-scale studies are warranted to explore the effectiveness of mindfulness training on long-term weight loss and emotional eating in persons with obesity.
Binge-Eating Disorder ; Bulimia ; Cognitive Therapy ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Mindfulness ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Weight Loss ; Weight Reduction Programs

Trichotillomania is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one's hair. We present a trichotillomania case study illustrating the effectiveness of habit reversal training, which has recently been found, in western countries, to be a very effective cognitive behavioral treatment. The refractory patient in our study had previously received 1 year of drug treatment and psychiatric consultation for the disorder. We administered 10 habit reversal training sessions, which was followed by an obvious improvement in the patient's trichotillomania symptoms. Our observations indicate that habit reversal training might be effective in the treatment of trichotillomania.
Cognitive Therapy ; Hair ; Humans ; Trichotillomania

An uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Naltrexone and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on relapse prevention in Green Center, Hochiminh city from October 2002 to August 2003. The sample included 106 addicts (94.3% males) who just passed the acute detoxification process. Patients came to the Green Center 3 times per week (every other day), took 100 mg Naltrexone (150mg on weekend) at the Center, and then got a CBT session in one hour. The Naltrexone-CBT program was prolonged in 6 months. The results: 65/106 (61.3%) patients have terminated the treatment course, in which, only 4 patients (6.2%) followed the whole program (6 months); 7 patients (10.8%) have followed 3 - 6 months. The average of treatment duration was 56.7  51.8 days. There were 29.2% addicts have relapsed, in which the relapse rate of addicts, who have followed the whole program in 6 months was 0%; of addicts who had the treatment duration from 3 – 6 months was 5.3%; and of addicts with the treatment duration less than 2 months was 89.4%. The main recognized reasons for the great drop-out rate were the familial interference which a tendency of shortening the treatment course just after 3 months abstinence of their offspring (27.7%), the high cost of the treatment in comparison to the average income of most people (18.5%), the treatment center is too far from addicts home (16.9%)
Naltrexone ; Cognitive Therapy ; prevention & control