STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical and radiological results of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) performed with cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screw insertion with those of TLIF using 'conventional' or percutaneous pedicle screw insertion. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: CBT is a new trajectory for pedicle screw insertion in the lumbar spine; clinical and radiological results of TLIF using pedicle screws inserted with CBT are unclear. METHODS: In total, 26 patients (11 males, 15 females) were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into three groups: TLIF with pedicle screw insertion by conventional minimally invasive methods via the Wiltse approach (M-TLIF, n=10), TLIF with percutaneous pedicle screw insertion (P-TLIF, n=6), and TLIF with pedicle screw insertion with CBT (CBT-TLIF, n=10). Surgical results and preand postoperative radiological findings were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less with CBT-TLIF (p=0.03) than with M-TLIF. Postoperative lordotic angles did not differ significantly among the three groups. Complete fusions were obtained in 10 of 12 levels (83%) with M-TLIF, in seven levels (100%) with P-TLIF, and in 10 of 11 levels (91%) with CBT-TLIF. On postoperative computed tomography, correct positioning was seen in 84.1% of M-TLIF screws, 88.5% of P-TLIF screws, and 90% of CBT-TLIF screws. CONCLUSIONS: CBT-TLIF resulted in less blood loss and a shorter operative duration than M-TLIF or P-TLIF. Postoperative rates of bone union, maintenance of lordotic angles, and accuracy of pedicle screw positions were similar among the three groups.
Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

No Abstract Available.
Case-Control Studies*

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective, case-controlled study. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to evaluate the efficacy of lower-pressure percutaneous vertebroplasty (LP-PVP) using larger-diameter cement fillers for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (VCF). SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW: Despite the popularity of conventional PVP(C-PVP), critical complications associated with cement leakage have been widely reported due to the inadequate viscosity of flabby cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With excluding Kummell's disease, 23 VCF's were treated with LP-PVP using 2.8mm-diameter cement fillers, 51 VCF's were treated with kyphoplasty(KP) using the same size of cement fillers and 19 VCF's were treated with C-PVP using 1.4mm-diameter biopsy needles. The clinical and radiographic results along with the complications were investigated for more than one year. RESULTS: The visual analogue scale (VAS) was improved in all the groups. The infused cement volume was 5.9+/-1.6ml for the LP-PVP, 5.9+/-1.9ml for the KP and 3.5+/-1.0ml for the C-PVP (p=0.000). The collapsed vertebral height was restored by 10.8+/-10.3%, 13.0+/-12.7% and 4.7+/-7.6%, respectively, in each group (p=0.000) with a reduction loss of 2.1+/-1.8%, 1.1+/-1.4% and 5.9+/-4.2%. respectively, in each group (p=0.000) at follow-up. These was a reduction of the vertebral kyphotic angle by 3.0+/-4.0degrees, 3.7+/-4.4degrees and 4.2+/-4.4degrees, respectively, in each group (p=0.528) with reduction loss of 1.0+/-0.9degrees, 0.1+/-1.7degrees and 3.5+/-2.8degrees, respectively, in each group (p=0.000). There was a reduction of the regional Cobb's angle by 4.3+/-2.6degrees, 3.1+/-4.7degrees and 2.9+/-3.8degrees, respectively, in each group (p=0.184) with a reduction loss of 3.6+/-4.5degrees, 0.1+/-1.5degrees and 1.0+/-4.1degrees, respectively, in each group (p=0.000). Extravasation of cement was noticed in 6 cases (26.1%) of LP-PVP, in 14 cases (27.5%) of KP and 4 cases (26.1%) of C-PVP (p=0.689). No cases of additional VCF happened for the LP-PVP, eight cases of additional VCF happened (15.7%) for the KP and one case of additional VCF happened (5.3%) for the C-PVP (p=0.030). CONCLUSION: The LP-PVP showed clinically and radiologically results that were similar to those of KP with a higher amount of infused cement volume compared to that of C-PVP. LP-PVP is thought to be effective for the clinical and radiolographic aspects and to have fewer complications for the treatment of osteoporotic VCF.
Biopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertebroplasty ; Viscosity

This article summarizes recent evidence on the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) obtained from published anatomical, biomechanical, and clinical studies. CBT was proposed by Santoni in 2009 as a new trajectory that can improve the fixation of pedicle screws in response to screw loosening in osteoporotic patients. Recently, research interest has been growing with increasing numbers of published series and frequent reports of new applications. We performed an online database search using the terms “cortical bone trajectory,”“pedicle screw,”“CBT spine,”“CBT fixation,”“MISS CBT,” and “traditional trajectory.” The search included the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, resulting in an analysis of 42 articles in total. These covered three aspects of CBT research: anatomical studies, biomechanical parameters, and clinical cases or series. Compared to the traditional trajectory, CBT improves pullout strength, provides greater stiffness in cephalocaudal and mediolateral loading, and shows superior resistance to flexion/extension; however, it is inferior in lateral bending and axial rotation. CBT seems to provide better immediate implant stability. In clinical studies, CBT has shown better perioperative results for blood loss, length of stay in hospital, and surgery time; similar or better clinical postoperative scores; and similar comorbidity, without any major fixation system complications due to instrumentation failure or screw misplacement. In addition, advantages such as less lateral exposure allow it to be used as a minimally invasive technique. However, most of the clinical studies were retrospective case series or case-control studies; prospective evidence on this technique is scarce, making a definitive comparison with the traditional trajectory difficult. Nevertheless, we can conclude that CBT is a safe technique that offers good clinical results with similar biomechanical and perioperative parameters to those of the traditional trajectory. In addition, new applications can improve its results and make it useful for additional pathologies.
Case-Control Studies ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Pathology ; Pedicle Screws ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies ; Ovarian Neoplasms

Background: Bacteremia is a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and mortality in neonates and its early diagnosis remains a challenge to pediatricians. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of a complete blood count test which is accessible and inexpensive and has been reported to be a possible diagnostic marker for neonatal bacteremia. This study determined the association of RDW with neonatal bacteremia in term and preterm neonates. Methodology: This is a retrospective case-control study of 26 bacteremic neonates as cases and 104 non-bacteremic neonates, either symptomatic or with risk factors for bacteremia, as controls. Included newborns were seen between January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2021. Laboratory data obtained were CBC, C-reactive protein and blood culture. Results: RDW values between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates were not significantly different. There was an association between RDW and neonatal bacteremia at an RDW level of > 16.1, where the likelihood of bacteremia was three times higher compared with lower RDW values. Significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, MCH and MCHC, and a higher CRP level were seen among bacteremic neonates compared to those who were not. The median RDW for both term and preterm neonates was close to 16, with a narrow inter-quartile range at 1 and 2 for controls and cases, respectively. The range (minimum to maximum) of RDW values of bacteremic preterm neonates was more variable than those of term neonates. Using RDW to detect bacteremia, it had an equivocal discriminatory power or AUC of 0.6056. We found insufficient evidence to demonstrate a correlation between RDW and other CBC parameters, except for MCHC. For MCHC, the results suggest a very weak and indirect correlation. Conclusion RDW was not significantly different between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates, but there was a suggested association between RDW and bacteremia at an RDW level of > 16.1, at which level there was a 3-fold risk for bacteremia.
Erythrocyte Indices ; Case-Control Studies

Background: Childcare is a challenging task particularly for caregivers in urban slums. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) aims to improve the beneficiaries' caregiving practices, which could compensate for the negative effects of poverty on children's nutritional status. Objective: To determine the association of childcare practices (CCP) and stunting among children beneficiaries residing in Pasay City. Methodology: This nested case-control study included 7 to 9 year-old children cohorts who were enrolled in the 4Ps in 2008, comprising of 82 stunted and 97 normal children. The outcome and predictor variables were the child's height-for-age z score (HAZ) and household CCP, respectively. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the desirability of HH CCP and stunting, and HH CCP score and HAZ, respectively. Results: Six out of 10 beneficiaries had “desirable” CCP. Stunting was more likely observed among children whose households have undesirable CCP; who were enrolled in 4Ps at a younger age; had low birth weights; male; whose primary caregivers are less than 40 years old; whose maternal heights are less than 151 cm; whose primary caregivers had less than 7 years of education; and whose monthly household income is less than PhP 9,000. Undesirable CCP is associated with stunting, and the HH CCP score had a positive relationship with HAZ score among children. Conclusion Desirable CCP decrease the likelihood of stunting among children. Therefore, improving the childcare practices of beneficiaries could decrease the prevalence of childhood stunting.
Case-Control Studies ; Child Care

No abstract available.
Alopecia* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Comorbidity*