Aged ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Vaccination

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 variants have aroused great concern and are expected to continue spreading. Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully established, indicating that populations remain susceptible to infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on variants of concern and focus on the changes in their transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to the immunity constructed by current vaccines. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between variants and breakthrough infections, as well as the paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates. Terminating transmission, continuing to strengthen variant surveillance, and combining nonpharmaceutical intervention measures and vaccines are necessary to control these variants.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Delta variant infection vaccinated or not vaccinated with inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. METHODS: A total of 11 children with COVID-19 Delta variant infection who were vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and were hospitalized in the designated hospital in Henan Province, China, from November 3 to December 17, 2021 were enrolled as the vaccinated group. Thirty-one children with COVID-19 Delta variant infection who were not vaccinated and were hospitalized during the same period were enrolled as the unvaccinated group. A retrospective analysis was performed on their epidemiological data, clinical features, and laboratory examination results. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in gender composition and disease classification between the two groups (P>0.05), and there was also no significant difference in the incidence rates of the clinical symptoms such as cough, expectoration, and fever between the two groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was found between the two groups in leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, alanine aminotransferase, and serum creatinine (P>0.05). Compared with the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group had significantly lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase-MB (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of children with elevated C-reactive protein or procalcitonin and the levels of peripheral blood cytokines (P>0.05). The vaccinated group had significantly lower counts of B lymphocytes and total T lymphocytes (CD3⁺) than the unvaccinated group (P<0.05). Compared with the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group had a significantly higher positive rate of IgG on admission and at week 2 of the course of disease (P<0.05), as well as a significantly higher Ct value of nucleic acid at weeks 1 and 2 of the course of disease (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may reduce myocardial injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. For children with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection after the vaccination, more attention should be paid to their immune function.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Child ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination

COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Singapore ; Vaccination

INTRODUCTION: This review aims to examine asthma management during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Relevant recommendations and articles were identified by respiratory professional societies and PubMed search using the terms "asthma" and "COVID-19", and examined for relevance and inclusion in this study. RESULTS: Recommendations for the management of asthma have remained similar but are now supported by new evidence between the years 2020 and 2022. Patients with well-controlled, mild-to-moderate asthma are unlikely to be at increased risk of acquiring COVID-19 or having worse outcomes from COVID-19. All asthma patients should receive COVID-19 vaccination. Spirometry can be performed with the usual strict infection control procedures unless there is a suspicion of COVID-19. Mask-wearing and other health measures remain important for asthma patients. CONCLUSION While previous recommendations were largely based on expert opinion, the tremendous amount of literature published since the pandemic first emerged 2 years ago has helped guide respiratory professional bodies to update their recommendations. This study provides a timely review of the various recommendations and can be used to guide healthcare professionals in managing asthma patients, as the world prepares for a future with COVID-19 becoming endemic. The long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection in asthma patients and the ripple effects of COVID-19 remain uncertain and deserve ongoing study.
Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Asthma/epidemiology* ; Infection Control

As of December 31, 2021, Singapore reported that 4 758 601 had completed at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination, 4 714 655 had completed two doses of COVID-19 vaccination, and 2 207 341 had received one booster shot of COVID-19 vaccine. This article analyses the current performance of COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore, interprets the content of Singapore's National Vaccination Programme, and systematically introduces specific measures of COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore, such as door-to-door vaccination, vaccination differentiated management, and self-payment of medical expenses for those who refuse to be vaccinated, to provide reference for the COVID-19 vaccination in China.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Singapore ; Vaccination

Objective: To understand the research progresses of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies both at home and abroad, and provide reference for the economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies using real word data in China. Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted for related papers published from January, 2020 to December, 2021 in Chinese and English databases, including the economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination, and the results of the related literatures were narratively integrated. Results: A total of 16 English literatures (including 3 reviews) were included, and it was found that the COVID-19 vaccination was cost-effective or cost-saving regardless of the vaccine types, while the cost-effectiveness in different population and under different vaccination dose strategies varied due to vaccine efficacy, vaccine price, duration of natural immunity, duration of vaccination campaign, vaccine supply, and vaccination pace. Conclusions: China lacks suitable evidences of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies based on real-world data in the context of long-term epidemic. Therefore, further researches of suitable strategies of booster COVID-19 vaccination are needed.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; China/epidemiology* ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Vaccination

The pandemic of COVID-19 threatens the health and safety of the people all over the world. COVID-19 vaccine is the key public product to establish population immune barrier and achieve the global contain of the pandemic. The World Health Organization, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations established COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access Facility (COVAX) in 2020, aiming to enable the fair access to COVID-19 vaccine by all countries in the world, especially the low- and middle-income countries. Although COVAX has facilitated the production and research of COVID-19 vaccine by coordinating the global supply chain, the implementation of COVAX is still facing many difficulties in financing, implementation and the awareness of public, revealing the problems of global health governance. Taking COVAX as an example, this paper analyzes the difficulties faced by global health governance and explore the underlying causes, so as to suggest feasible short and long-term paths for China's participation in global governance.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Global Health ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines

Humans ; Mass Vaccination ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Immunity, Herd ; Vaccination

Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2