No Abstract Available.
Arthrobacter* ; Chitinase*

Aims: The genus Arthrobacter is a pleomorphic and heterogeneous Gram-positive bacteria mainly isolated from the soil, only two species of Arthrobacter have been reported worldwide as pathogens of veterinary importance. This paper aims to report the isolation and identification of the Arthrobacter gandavensis from cows with subclinical mastitis at a dairy farm in the savanna of Bogotá, Colombia. Methodology and results: A total of 209 milk and skin samples were taken from cows with and without subclinical mastitis, nasal swabs from workers and the environment. All samples were cultured in blood and MacConkey agar and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry MALDI TOF-MS. From the isolates identified, 33 corresponded to Staphylococcus spp., nine to the Enterobacteriaceae family and seven from Arthrobacter spp. (only identified by MALDI-ToF MS). The A. gandavensis isolates were obtained from six different positive cows for the California mastitis test, all with a matching pattern corresponding to Arthrobacter gandavensis strain DSM N: 15046, isolated from milk from cows with subclinical mastitis in Belgium. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed 100% genetic similarity with sequences of A. gandavensis previously reported in the NCBI databases. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The identification by MALDI-ToF-MS and molecular, as shown in this report, is important to provide data that allow us to approach the actual ecology of the opportunistic pathogens of subclinical mastitis, especially in regions where the infection is endemic.
Arthrobacter ; Cattle--microbiology

Arthrobacter spp. are coryneform bacteria known as a soil flora and also part of normal flora of human. Since coryneform bacteria are often reported to be a cause of life-threatening diseases, and especially the human infections of Arthrobacter spp. are reported recently, it is important to identify them to the genus and species levels by additional studies including molecular tests. We report a case of bacteremia caused by Arthrobacter woluwensis, which was misidentified initially as Leifsonia aquatica by commercial kits and conventional tests, but correctly identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.
Arthrobacter* ; Bacteremia* ; Bacteria ; Humans ; Soil

To improve mass transfer and enhance the yield for C(1,2) biodehydrogenation of steroid 11beta-hydroxyl medroxyprogesterone, we carried out the dehydrogenation reaction of 11beta-hydroxyl medroxyprogesterone in an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion by Arthrobacter simplex UR016. We studied the effects of system composition, dehydrogenation temperature and substrate concentration on microbial transformation. We formulated a suitable O/W microemulsion system with Arthrobacter simplex UR016 culture broth as aqueous phase, 10 g/L of edible oil as oil phase, 4 g/L of Tween-O80 and 7% (V/V) alcohol as surfactant and cosurfactant. The optimal dehydrogenation temperature was 33 degrees C. The results showed that in Tween-80/alcohol/edible oil/water microemulsion system, the hydrophobic steroid was solubilised and diffused effectively, with the maximum conversion rate of 88.6% at 46 h under 4 g/L substrate concentration, an increase of 66.2% compared to that in aqueous system. The C(1,2) biodehydrogenation of 11beta-hydroxyl medroxyprogesterone is more efficient in water-edible oil microemulsion system than in aqueous system.
Arthrobacter ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Emulsions ; Hydrogenation ; Medroxyprogesterone ; chemistry ; metabolism

Arthrobacter woluwensis, a catalase-positive coryneform bacterium recognized as an opportunistic pathogen, was repeatedly isolated from the blood of a 56-year-old male patient with metastatic colon cancer. The isolate was identified by various phenotypic tests and by sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by E-test; the MICs to vancomcyin, cefotamine, and penicillin were 1.5 microgram/mL, >64 microgram/mL, and 4 microgram/mL, respectively. The patient was treated with vancomycin, and the subclavian catheter, which was presumed to be the source of the infection, was removed. Thereafter, repeated blood cultures did not grow the organism. The infections of human caused by A. woluwensis have not been reported previously in Korea, probably because of the difficulty of identifying Arthrobacter strains by conventional biochemical tests.
Arthrobacter* ; Bacteremia* ; Catheters ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penicillins ; Vancomycin

A creatininase produced from a Arthrobacter sp. was purified 145-fold by a series of steps including heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. The specific activity of the pure enzyme was 209u/mg. The subunit molecular mass of creatininase was estimated to be 33 700D by SDS-PAGE. The creatininase was stable in the pH range between 6.0 - 9.0 and below 60 degrees C . Its Km value for creatinine was estimated to be 21.14 mmol/L. The enzyme was markedly inactivated by incubation with 1 mmol/L of Hg2+, Ag2+, Li+, Cu2+ and 20 mmol/L of 1, 11-Phananthroline respectively. Activation was observed when the enzyme was incubated with 1 mmol/L of Co2+ and Mn2+.
Amidohydrolases ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Arthrobacter ; enzymology ; Bacterial Proteins ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ; methods

Atrazine could be used as the sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources for growth by strain Arthrobacter sp. AG1, and the atrazine-degrading genes of AG1 were found to be the combination of trzN, atzB and atzC. The atrazine chloride hydrolysase gene trzN was cloned by PCR amplification,whose sequence shared 99% identity with that of Norcardioides sp. C190. Two large plasmids were found in AG1,and trzN and atzB were confirmed to be localized on the larger plasmid pAG1 by the method of southern hybridization. Subculture of AG1 in liquid LB for three generations, 34% of the subsequent cells were found to lose degrading activity, however, neither plasmid was lost. PCR amplification results showed that the mutants had only lost the trzN gene instead of atzB and atzC. It was deduced that mutation might be due to the trzN gene deletion from the plasmid. This study provided new evidence that atrazine metabolic genotypes were resulted from horizontal gene transfer between different bacteria under environmental selective pressure.
Arthrobacter ; genetics ; Atrazine ; metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Genes, Bacterial ; genetics ; Herbicides ; metabolism

Arthrobacter spp., which are coryneform gram-positive bacilli, are widely distributed in the environment, including soil. In humans, infection with Arthrobacter is recognized as an opportunistic infection. In particular, since the first reported case in 1996, human infection by A. woluwensis has been reported only four times. We report on a case of A. woluwensis bacteremia in a 76-year-old female patient with multiple myeloma. Performance of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses resulted in identification of A. woluwensis. The patient was treated with teicoplanin, and the central venous port was removed. Since then, no growth has been observed on repeated blood cultures. The patient was discharged well after the fever subsided.
Aged ; Arthrobacter ; Bacteremia ; Female ; Fever ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; Opportunistic Infections ; Sequence Analysis ; Soil ; Teicoplanin

Hydantoin-utility-enzyme is widely used in enzymic production of various amino acids. One of its component, carbamoylase, is responsible for the conversion of N-carbamylamino acids to corresponding amino acids, which is crucial for the stereoselectivity and rate limiting. To improve the production of the enzyme, an L-N-carbamoylase gene from Arthrobacter BT801, a hydantoinase producting strain being able to convert 5-benzylhydantoin to phenylalanine, was cloned into E. coli. The gene was highly expressed in E. coli M15 under control of T5 promoter. A protein band about 44kD was detected by SDS-PAGE in the recombinant cell lysate. The objective product, which is principally in soluble form, represented 40% of total cell protein. The N-carbamoylase specific activity of the recombinant M15/pQE60- hyuC is 53 times higher than that of Arthrobacter BT801. The total biotransformation activity increased 8.1 times when. M15/pQE60-hyuC was added into the Arthrobacter BT801 reaction system. The successful expression of the enzyme is significant for the application of the hydantoinase producing strain or the enzyme thereof.
Amidohydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Arthrobacter ; enzymology ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Hydantoins ; metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Phenylalanine ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Contamination with sanitary microorganisms from Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae families in flower bee pollen from Bulgaria after one-year vacuum-packed cold storage has been found. Dried flower bee pollens intended for human consumption were with high incidence rate of contamination with Pantoea sp. (P. agglomerans and P. agglomerans bgp6) (100%), Citrobacter freundii (47%), Proteus mirabilis (31.6%), Serratia odorifera (15.8%) and Proteus vulgaris (5.3%). Bee pollens were also positive for the culture of microorganisms from Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae families: Staphylococcus hominis subsp hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. It was concluded that, if consumed directly, the vacuum-packed cold stored dried bee pollen, harvested according hygienic requirements from bee hives in industrial pollution-free areas without intensive crop production, is not problem for healthy human.
Arthrobacter ; Bacillaceae ; Bacillus ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bees* ; Bulgaria ; Citrobacter freundii ; Crop Production ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Flowers* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Micrococcaceae ; Pantoea ; Pollen* ; Proteus mirabilis ; Proteus vulgaris ; Pseudomonadaceae ; Serratia ; Staphylococcaceae ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Staphylococcus hominis ; Urticaria ; Vacuum*