Aim: Multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a global issue. Drug-resistant bacteria can be found in humans, animals, food and environmental sources. Staphylococcus aureus is one of many bacteria species known for its antimicrobial resistance. The current study is conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus isolated from raw chicken meat samples in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Methodology and results: Fifty raw and fresh chicken meat samples were purchased from 3 different wet markets in Kota Bharu, Kelantan and were transported to the laboratory aseptically. Routine isolation and identification of S. aureus was conducted and the isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through the detection of a S. aureus specific gene, nucA. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were conducted according to Kirby-Bauer methods (Hudzicki, 2013). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 24% (12/50) of the samples. All the isolates were resistant towards at least two of the antimicrobials tested. Of these, 11 (91.67%), 10 (83.33%), 5 (41.67%), 3 (25%), 1 (8.33%) and 1 (8.33%) were resistant to ampicillin (AMP10), teicoplanin (TE30), amoxicillin (AML10), penicillin (P10), oxacillin (OX1) and mupirocin (MUP20) respectively. In addition to that, all the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and cefoxitin. However, all the isolates were negative for the methicillin resistance encoding gene, mecA while one of the isolates showed resistance towards oxacillin. Conclusion, significance and impact of the study: The results from this study indicated that raw chicken intended for human consumption may be contaminated by antimicrobial-resistant strains of S. aureus. This may lead to the colonization or infection in humans. Nevertheless, further detailed investigation to determine the correlation between contamination of chicken meat and colonization of antimicrobial resistant S. aureus should be carried out. The relevance of the present study which showed contamination of fresh chicken meat with antimicrobial resistant S. aureus emphasizes the need to have stricter hygiene measures for retailers during the handling of the chicken meat to minimize or avoid possible health hazards for consumers.
Staphylococcus aureus

Aims: VraSR and GraSR were shown to be important in conferring intermediate vancomycin resistance in VISA. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism modulated by these systems leading to the development of VISA remains unclear. We employed a proteomic approach to determine the VraS and GraR regulons and subsequently derive the possible vancomycin resistance regulatory pathway(s) in the Mu50 lineage of Staphylococcus aureus. Methodology and results: Staphylococcus aureus strains Mu50Ω, Mu50Ω-vraSm and Mu50Ω-vraSm-graRm are isogenic strains with ascending levels of vancomycin resistance. Total proteins were extracted from the 3 strains and trypsin digested prior to protein isolation and identification by LC-ESI MS/MS and PLGS 2.4. Expression profiles of resulting proteins were analyzed using Progenesis LC/MS software. Differential expression profiles revealed 3 regulons, each controlled by VraS (Mu50Ω-vraSm vs Mu50Ω), GraR (Mu50Ω-vraSm-graRm vs Mu50Ω-vraSm) and VraS-GraR (Mu50Ω-vraSm-graRm vs Mu50Ω), respectively. The regulon down-regulated by VraS in Mu50Ω-vraSm were proteins associated with virulence (MgrA, Rot, and SarA), while GraR up-regulated resistance-associated proteins (TpiA, ArcB and IsaA) in Mu50Ω-vraSm-graRm. The VraS-GraR regulon mediated both up-regulation of resistance-associated proteins (ArgF, ArcB, VraR and SerS) and down-regulation of virulence-associated protein GapB. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Down-regulation of virulence- in concert with up-regulation of resistance-associated proteins appears to be integral for development of intermediate-vancomycin resistance in the Mu50 lineage of S. aureus.
Staphylococcus aureus

Aims: This study was designed to determine the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs, cats, chickens and horses. Methodology and results: A total of 15 S. aureus isolates were used in this study. Antibiogram and screening of virulence genes was carried out using disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained showed that a total of 9 S. aureus isolates were resistant towards oxacillin (60%), 9 isolates were resistant towards neomycin (60%) and 8 isolates were resistant towards tilmicosin (53%). Resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin was also observed in 6 (40%) of the isolates. Additionally, 5 (33%) of the isolates showed resistance towards streptomycin and linzolide while 4 (27%) of the isolates were resistant towards rifampin, erythromycin and mupirocin. Lastly, 3 (20%) of the isolates were resistant towards doxycycline. Intermediate resistance to amoxicillin and doxycycline was also observed. Virulence gene profiling showed that 4 (26.7%) of the isolates were positive for hlβ and SspA, 9 of the isolates (60%) showed positive for geh and 12 of the isolates (80%) showed positive for Set-1. Similarly, 2 (13.3%) of the isolates showed positive for etA and Seu while only 1 isolate (6.7%) showed positive for PVL and hlα. None of the isolates were positive for tst-1 and etB. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This study revealed reduced susceptibility and multiple drug resistance (MDR) in four isolates, and susceptibility to all antibiotics in two isolates in addition to low carriage rate of virulence gene in all isolates. Thus, indicating resistance development in majority of the isolates and the need to regulate indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animals.
Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction: Nasal colonisation of S. aureus in healthy children was 18% to 30%. One to three percent of them were colonised by Methicillin-resistant Staphlycoccus aureus (MRSA). Although MRSA infection has become increasingly reported, population-based S. aureus and MRSA colonisation estimates are lacking. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus carriage among children. Methods: Nasal samples for S. aureus culture were obtained from 250 children from three kindergartens in the Klang Valley, after consent was obtained from the children and their parents. Swabs were transported in Stuart medium, and inoculated on mannitol-salt agar within four hours of collection. Identification and disk diffusion test were done according to guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction was done on MRSA isolates for the presence of mecA and lukS/FPV genes. Results: Overall prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage were 19.2% (48/250) and 1.6% (4/250) respectively. mecA gene was present in all isolates, 50% isolates carried Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene. Sccmec type I was found in 2 isolates and the remaining isolates has Sccmec type V. Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA carriage were similar to other studies. However, risk of contracting severe infection might be higher due to presence of PVL gene in half of the MRSA isolates.
Staphylococcus aureus

Symptomatic bronchial artery aneurysm warrants urgent intervention. It has a known association with pulmonary infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We hereby report an elderly lady with a ruptured left superior bronchial artery mycotic aneurysm. She was in the early stages of treatment for a left lung abscess. She had multiple episodes of haemoptysis following which she underwent a left lower lobectomy. Presentation of lung abscess with a concurrent ruptured mycotic aneurysm warrants early surgical intervention and can be curative as seen in this case.
Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Streptomyces*

No abstract available.
Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*