1.Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Tongue Worm Armillifer agkistrodontis.
Jian LI ; Fu Nan HE ; Hong Xiang ZHENG ; Rui Xiang ZHANG ; Yi Jing REN ; Wei HU
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2016;54(6):813-817
Armillifer agkistrodontis (Ichthyostraca: Pantastomida) is a parasitic pathogen, only reported in China, which can cause a zoonotic disease, pentastomiasis. A complete mitochondrial (mt) genome was 16,521 bp comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 1 non-coding region (NCR). A phylogenetic tree drawn with the concatenated amino acid sequences of the 6 conserved PCGs (atp6, cox1-3, and nad2) showed that A. agkistrodontis and Armillifer armillatus constituted a clade Pentastomida which was a sister group of the Branchiura. The complete mt genome sequence of A. agkistrodontis provides important genetic markers for both phylogenetic and epidemiological studies of pentastomids.
Amino Acid Sequence
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China
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Epidemiologic Studies
;
Genes, rRNA
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Genetic Markers
;
Genome
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Genome, Mitochondrial*
;
Humans
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Pentastomida*
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RNA, Transfer
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Siblings
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Tongue*
;
Trees
;
Zoonoses
2.Recovery of Oswaldotrema nacinovici from Whimbrels (Aves) in Korea.
Young Il LEE ; Ok Sik CHUNG ; Min SEO
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2016;54(6):809-812
Adult specimens of Oswaldotrema nacinovici (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) have been first identified in Korea from 2 migratory birds (whimbrels, Numenius phaeopus) which were found dead at a western seashore area near Gunsan. The worms were recovered in the intestine of these birds. The worms were morphologically characterized by a large ventral sucker in comparison to the oral sucker, an external seminal vesicle extending beyond the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, and conspicuous uterine seminal receptacle. It was noteworthy that metacercariae-like bodies were contained within the inflated regions of 2 ceca. Other intestinal trematode species found in whimbrels included Spelotrema pygmeum, Gynaecotyla squatarolae, Maritrema obstipum, and Himasthla megacotyle. Zoonotic potential of these trematode species should be taken into considerations.
Adult
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Birds
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Humans
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Intestines
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Jeollabuk-do
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Korea*
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Seminal Vesicles
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Trematoda
3.The Incidence of parasites found of vegetables.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1967;5(3):153-158
The high incidence of intestinal parasites among the Korean people almost same as 40 years ago might be partly interpreted by the fact that they are all fond of raw vegetables cultivated on the farms fertilized with non-treated night soil. The cabbages, onions and radishes were collected from the five areas of Seoul vicinity and the number of parasites attached to those vegetables were investigated to compare with the results obtained 10 years ago by the same methods of sampling and examination as the present survey. The resultant findings were summarized as follows: The eggs of Ascaris, hookworm, Trichostrongylus and whipworm, rhabditoid larvae and filariform larvae of hookworms were detected from those vegetables. Additionally, a number of larvae of free living nematodes and morphologically undetermined eggs were also observed. The maximum number of parasites found from one vegetable were as follows: 16 Ascaris eggs on a cabbage, 27 hookworm eggs on an onion, 8 whipworm eggs on a cabbage, 68 filariform larvae of hookworm on an onion. The onions were highly contaminated by the number of parasites as much as 177.6 including the larvae of free living nematodes, the next being the cabbages with 25.3 and the radishes with 4.1 in average. No notable relationship was observed between the size of vegetables and the number of parasites attached to them. Ascaris eggs were found from 56 percent of all cabbages, 28 percent of the onions and 40 percent of the radishes; whipworm eggs were detected on 40 percent of radishes and the filariform larvae of hookworms were observed from 40 percent of onions examined. It may be concluded that there is no notable change in the number of parasites attached to the vegetables collected from the Seoul vicinity compared to the results investigated by the same method 10 years ago.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Ascaris
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hookworm
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Trichuris trichiura
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epidemiology
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vegetable
4.Supplementary notes on an abnormal Taenia sp. with double genital pores.
Kee Mok CHO ; Chong Hwan KIM ; Chin Thack SOH
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1967;5(3):147-151
A complete but abnormal form of Taenia worm was obtained from an 18-year-old male student in Cheju Island, Korea, which has been known as a heavy endemic area of Taenia saginata and few of T. solium. There was an apical hookless eminence in the scolex, longitudinal white line along the middle portion of entire strobila, double genital pores and several lateral buddings from the strobila. It was considered an abnormal form of Taenia species, probably T. saginata.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda-Taenia saginata
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Taenia sp.
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case report
5.Taxonomical study on the Fascioloidae in Korea.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1967;5(3):139-146
In order to study species of the Fascioloidae in Korea, a series of morphological and taxonomical studies were carried out and the following results were obtained. Among the species of the Fascioloidae in Pusan area, intermediate form (F. indica?) were 70 percent, F. gigantica 25 percent and F. hepatica, 5 percent. None experimental, natural infective rate of the Fasciolosis was 3.3-3.4 percent among the cattles (Bos taurus var. domesticus) in Pusan area.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda
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Fascioloidae
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F. gigantica
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F. hepatica
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taxonomy
6.Autoradiographic study on Eurytrema pancreaticum.
Seung Chull PARK ; Bon Ryong KOO ; Byong Seol SEO
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1967;5(3):135-138
Direct contact method of autoradiography was applied in order to know in Eurytrema pancreaticum which was incubated at various intervals such as 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes in the vitro media added with radioactive succinic acid, C(14)-succinate. The distribution of the radioactive succinate was clarified by this technique and possible explanation was presented. The autoradiographic procedures were essentially the same as those reported previously by Yoon et al. (1964). The most distinct autoradiograms were obtained after 240 minutes incubation. The radioactivity of this labelled succinic acid chiefly concentrated in reproductive organs, such as testes, ovary, egg containing uterine tubules and vitelline follicles.
paraisology-helminth-trematoda-Eurytrema pancreaticum
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autoradiography
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metabolism-succinic acid
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succinic acid
7.Studies on malic dehydrogenase activity in parasitic helminths.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1967;5(3):125-133
The malic dehydrogenase activity was determined by the modified method of Ochoa (1955) using tissue homogenates of various parasitic helminths. Worm parasites were mostly collected from local abattoir, and removed from the organ or tissues of the naturally infected animal hosts, and some materials were also obtained from the human hosts. The helminths used in this experiment include 3 kinds of nematodes, 5 kinds of trematodes, and 8 kinds of cestodes. They were throughly washed and homogenized in glass tissue grinder in ice chilled water bath, and then centrifuged. The supernatants were designated as enzyme preparations. The hydrogen concentrations of buffer solution were pH 1.4, 2.7, 3.5, 4.2, 5.2, 7.4, 8.2, 9.3, 10.2, 11.6, and enzymatic reaction of this experiment was performed at incubation temperature of 20, 30, 40, and 50 C. The extinction of Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide (NAD) was measured by spectrophotometry at the wave length of 340 millimicron. The results of the experiment were as follows: The malic dehydrogenase activity occurred over all kinds of parasitic helminths used in this study. And the activity on sparganum turned out to be highest. All helminths displayed their maximum activity in the range of alkaline pH. A comparison of the effects of temperature and substrate concentration on the enzyme activity was made among these helminths. However, no definite relationship among them has been detected. The significance of the existence of this enzyme in the helminths was briefly discussed.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-cestoda-nematoda
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Fasciola hepatica
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Eurytrema pancreaticum
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Paramphistomum sp.
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Taenia solium
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Taenia pisiformis
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Dipylidium caninum
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Diphyllobothrium mansoni
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Cysticercus cellulosae
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Cysticercus fasciolaris
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sparganum
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Ascaridia galli
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Dirofilaria immitis
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Paragonimus westermani
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Clonorchis sinensis
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malic dehydrogenase-biochemistry-enzyme
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malic dehydrogenase
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Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide
8.Studies on phosphatase activity in some parasitic helminths.
Chung Jai PARK ; Byong Seol SEO
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1967;5(3):115-124
In order to obtain some informations on the nature and relative activity of the phosphatases present in various helminths, biochemical studies have been made in thirteen kinds of worm parasites including the adults and larvae (Fasciola hepatica, Eurytrema pancreaticum, Paramphistomum sp., Taenia solium, Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, Diphyllobothrium mansoni, Cysticercus cellulosae, Cysticercus fasciolaris and Sparganum). A comparison based on the analysis of pH-activity curves was made among these helminths. The worm materials were mostly obtained alive from an abattoir and removed from the organs or tissues of the animal hosts naturally infected. Sparganum and Cysticercus cellulosae, however, are collected from the subcutaneous tissue of the patients by surgical removal. The worms thoroughly washed were weighed and transferred with 0.1 M Tris buffer to a chilled glass grinder (Capacity; 15 ml) and homogenized in the cold. The homogenate was centrifuged at 5000 RPM for 30 minutes. The supernatant was pipetted off for determination of the phosphatase activity. Incubation mixtures consisted of 1 ml substrate, 1 ml buffer and 0.5ml extract. The buffers used were Tris (Hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and citric acid monohydrate and the substrate was paranitrophenyl phosphate (1 gm/25 ml). These mixtures were incubated at the temperature of 37 C for 30 minutes in water bath. The absorbance or transferance of mixture was determined colorimetrically by "Spectronic 20 "spectrophotometer at 410 nm against a distilled water blank. The amount of phenol liberated was then calculated from a standard curve using phenol solutions. Controls consisted of unincubated mixtures. The results were deducted from this experiment. The phosphatase activity occurred over all parasitic helminths used in this experiment. In trematodes, pH-activity curves have demonstrated two peaks of phosphatase activity in Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum species. However the acid phosphatase activity was predominantly found and the alkaline phosphatase activity was found distinctly to be low in all three species. In Eurytrema pancreaticum, the pH-activity curves displayed two peaks in acid phosphatase activity, one at pH 5.0 and the other pH 9.0. In cestodes, both alkaline and acid phosphatase activity displayed the pH optima 5.0 and 9.0 to 10.0 in the adult tapeworms. However, major activity in the adults is due to the alkaline phosphtases. In contrast to the adults, Cysticercus and sparganum showed the higher activity in acid phosphatases which predominates in the larvae. In all cases of nematodes, the pH optimum for acid phosphatase was 4.0 to 6.0. A preponderance of acid phosphatase activity was shown in the extract of intestine of Ascaris lumbricoides. The aspect that phosphatases are correlated with phosphorylated passage of substances through the cuticle of helminths and may also be involved in carbohydrate metabolism is discussed.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-cestoda
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Fasciola hepatica
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Eurytrema pancreaticum
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Paramphistomum sp.
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Taenia solium
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Taenia pisiformis
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Dipylidium caninum
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Diphyllobothrium mansoni
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Cysticercus cellulosae
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Cysticercus fasciolaris
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sparganum
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alkaline phosphatase
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acid phosphatase
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biochemistry
9.Trachelobdella sinensis Blanchard, 1896 found from Cyprinus carpio nudus in Korea.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1986;24(2):216-217
Trachelobdella sinensis was found in Cyprinus carpio nudus. The morphological chararacteristics were described. It is the first record of Trachelobdella sinensis in Korea(summarized from text).
parasitology
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Annelida
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Trachelobdella sinensis
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Cyprinus carpio nudus
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case report
10.A survey on intestinal parasites of soldiers in Korea.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1986;24(2):213-215
Total of 2,643 Korean soldiers were examined of their stool for parasitic infections by both cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration techniques from August 1983 to December 1985. Out of them, 73.6% were free from any parasite, 22.6% were ova positive and 4.0% cyst positive. The ova positive rates by species were Ascaris lumbricoides 2.0%, Trichuris trichiura 13.0%, hookworm and Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.08% respectively, Clonorchis sinensis 7.6%, Metagonimus yokogawai 1.1%, Paragonimus westermani 0.08%, Echinostoma hortense 0.04%, Fibricola seoulensis 0.9%, Taenia sp. 0.3%, Hymenolepis nana 0.2% and H. diminuta 0.04%. Most of them (87.3%) were positive by a species, 11.9% by two and 0.8% by 3 species. The cyst positive rates were Entamoeba histolytica 0.6%, E. coli 1.4%, Endolimax nana 1.7%, Iodoameba butschlii 0.04% and Giardia lambla 0.9%. Among the cyst positives, 89.5% were positive by a species, 7.6% by two and 0.5% by 3 species. The intestinal parasite infections among the Korean soldiers decreased distinctly compared with previous data.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda
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trematoda
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cestoda
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protozoa
;
epidemiology
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Trichuris trichiura
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Metagonimus yokogawai
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hookworm
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Ascaris lumbricoides
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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Hymenolepis nana
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Giardia lamblia
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Entamoeba coli
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Endolimax nana
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Trichostrongylus orientalis
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Paragonimus westermani
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Echinostoma hortense
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Fibricola seoulensis
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Taenia sp.
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Hymenolepis diminuta