In this paper,a slight halophilic alkaliphile swain,Alkalibacterium sp.F26,which produced high level of intracellular CAT observed in previous research,was selected as a model microbial to explain the responses of this bacterium to oxidative stress.The results indicated that Alkalibacterium sp.F26 had obvious responses to higher concentration (＞1 mmol/L) of H2O2 than that to lower H2O2 (＜1 mmol/L) challenge from the aspects of defensive enzyme synthesis and cofactors level variation.As for catalase production,the activity increased up to 106.54 U/rag protein which was 1.76 fold of the control when cells were challenged by 3 mmol/L H2O2,but its activity only was 1.13 fold when H2P2 was 100 μmol/L.As far as energy state was concerned,ATP production and NAD+ generation were significantly inhibited from 20.55 μmol/L to 17.80 μmol/L and 69.89 μmol/L to 31.77 μmol/L,respectively,leading to the drop of energy charge from 0.77 to 0.68 and the increase of the portion of NADH/NAD+ from 0.08 to 0.41 in the former case.However,these effects were less distinct under lower concentration of H2O2.Except of the condition of 100 μmol/L H2O2,under which the activation of defensive mechanism resulted in an increase of ATE the level of ATP dropped from 22.69 μmol/L of the control to 22.38 μmol/L and 13.70 μmol/L when challenged by 50 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L H2O2.Besides,the concentration of NADH fluctuated and the NAD+ gradually reduced when H2O2 below 1 mmol/L.

Endophytic bacteria reside in most healthy plants;it can not be easily influenced by outer environment.Some endophytic bacteria are beneficial to host plants,such as growth promotion,disease prevention and nitrogen fixation etc.Therefore,endophytic bacteria ale the potential microbial fungicides,it may be widely applied.In this study,endophytic bacteria were isolated from soybcan cultivar Hefeng 25 that was a main soybean cultivar in Heilongjiang province,China.The results indicated that the density of endophytic bacteria varied in different tissues of the plant.It was 3.4×103CFU/g in roots,2.8×103CFU/g in leaves,2.9×102 CFU/g in stems and 1.4×102 CFU/g in seeds.The activity of 121strains against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.soybean,caused soybean root rot,were assayed.25.6% of them showed antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp.soybean.One of them,strain TF28 isolated from soybean roots could inhibit the growth of many fungal pathogens.The inhibitory rates against F. oxysporum from different plant species were 80.2%-96.7%.Based on the morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the sequence of 16S rRNA,strain TF28 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Ten actinomycetes strains from inter-tidal marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve of China Yellow Sea were isolated and bio-assayed for antibiotic activities.3 of the 10 strains displayed antimicrobial activity when in monoculture.While strain Hp-053 was co-cultured with each of the other 9 strains,5 of the 9 co-cultures exhibited enhancing antimicrobial activity.TLC results and bio-autography of extracted samples indicated that chemical compounds and antimicrobial compounds produced by co-cultures of sponge associated actinomycetes were different from those by monoculture.Co-culture induction may be a valuable novel tool for the exploitation of sponge associated microorganism.

In this study,the VP2 gene of feline panleukopenia virus(FPV) isolated from tiger was successfully cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast.The VP2 gene was amplified by PCR with a pair of specific primer.Then PCR products was purified and cloned into pGEM-T for sequencing.The interesting gene fragment was recovered after the double enzyme digestion of EcoRI/NotI,then subcloned into pPICZ?A for secretory expression.The recombinant pPICZ?AVP2 was linearized with SacI and then transformed into competence yeast GS115 for expression under the induction of 1% methanol.The positive recombinants were screened by PCR method.The expression product was identified by SDS-PAGE and western-blotting.The results showed that there was a molecular weight of 32 kD,which could be specifically recognized by polyclonic antibody against FPV.It revealed that the recombinant VP2 protein had correct three-dimensional structure,which would be used as a antigen protein for the diagnosis and prevention of FPV infection in tigers.

According to the yield of intracellular triterpene, the strain GL31 was screened out from 22 strains of Ganoderma collected from various regions. The optimal fermentation conditions were studied by single factor experiments and orthogonal test. The optimal parameters of carbon source, nitrogen source, initial pH, the medium volume in the flask and cell density were obtained. In addition, the metabolic curves of intracellular triterpene and biomass were determined. It was found that the yield of intracellular triterpenes was up to 3.51?10~(-2)g/100 mL medium at the 84th hour. In addition the stram was staticly fermented 144 hours flowing 84hours shaking-flask culture, the IT (intracellular triterpenes) content was increased by 48.6% and the yield of IT was increased by 65% compared with those of the mycelia cultured 84hours using shaking-flask method. This indicated that static fermentation method is helpful for improving the total IT content. The result also show that the highest yield of intracellular triterpenes of mycelia staticly fermented flowing 84hours shaking-flask culture is higher than that of mycelia using shaking flask culture method.

Ethanol is a renewable liquid fuel which has the most potential future. It is mostly produced by biofermentation. Many scientists pay attention to change ethanol metabolic network and increase ethanol productivity using the technology of metabolic engineering. This paper roundly illustrates that metabolic engineering is applied on fuel ethanol production from such as like extension of substrate use and design of new metabolic pathways.

A new teaching model for food fermentation technology education is proposed in this paper,aiming at improving some of the drawbacks of the traditional teaching method. Some novel approaches,such as summarization,comparison,discussion,as well as bi-lingual lecturing and multi-media assisted teaching,are introduced to inspire students’ passion for learning. Meanwhile,arranging students as dedicated class speaker and organizing students to participate in the exploring experiments also reflect the technology major education characteristics of normal university.

Black yeasts are a group of polymorphic yeast like fungi which produce melanin.They always grow slowly and have high stress resistance ability.The taxonomy,ecology,stress resistance,pathogenicity,and melanin of black yeasts are reviewed in this paper.Hortaea werneckii is an interesting novel model organism for studies on salt stress-responsive proteins as well as on sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotes.Aureobasidium pullulans is also like a model organism for studies on the regulation of polymorphic cell development.