1.Prevalence Rate of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Results of School-based Screening in Surabaya, Indonesia
Komang-Agung IS ; Dwi-Purnomo SB ; Susilowati A
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):17-22
Introduction: Scoliosis is a lateral spinal deformity of 10
degrees or more, resulting in a C-shaped or S-shaped curve
of the spine. Information about adolescent idiopathic
scoliosis (AIS) prevalence rate is important not only for
paediatric health care planning strategy but also for parent's
awareness. This study aims to find the suitable inclination
cut-off angle and the prevalence rate of AIS in Surabaya,
Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive crosssectional
study conducted in 2010. We performed stratified
random sampling of 784 Elementary and Junior High School
students in Surabaya between 9-16 years of age. Scoliosis
screening was performed by the Adam's forward bending test
(FBT). The students with positive FBT were measured for
the inclination angle with scoliometer, and then subjected to
radiologic examination. Prevalence rate, gender ratio, and
the cut-off point value of inclination angle were determined
by a descriptive statistics analysis.
Results: Adam's forward bending test was positive in 50
students (6,37%). Among them, 23 students (2,93%) four
males and 19 females had Cobb angle of ≥10°. The 5° cutoff
point value of inclination angle had a 95.6% sensitivity,
an 18.5% specificity, a 50% positive predictive value (PPV),
and a 83.33% negative predictive value (NPV); while the 7°
cut-off point had a 78.26% sensitivity, a 88.88% specificity,
a 85.7% PPV, and a 82.7% NPV.
Conclusion: The prevalence rate of AIS in Surabaya is
2.93% and the 7° cut-off point of inclination angle is suitable
for school-based screening.
Scoliosis
;
Adolescent
2.Incidence of Varus Malalignment Post Interlocking Nail in Proximal Femur Shaft Fractures Comparing Two Types of Entry Points
Sadagatullah AN ; Nazeeb MN ; Ibrahim S
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):31-35
Introduction: Osteosynthesis of the femur using an
interlocking nail is the gold standard for treating diaphyseal
fractures of the femur. There are two established entry points
for the antegrade interlocking nails which is the piriformis
fossa or the greater trochanter. It has been reported that varus
malalignment was frequently seen in proximal femur
fracture which were treated with interlocking nail utilizing
the greater trochanter entry point. The study was done to find
out if the problem was of significance.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study
which included 179 patients with femur fractures which were
treated from January 2013 till September 2015 in one
Hospital. They were treated with interlocking nail either by
utilizing the piriformis fossa (PF) or the greater trochanter
(GT) entry points. Post-operative radiographs of the femur
were used to measure the varus deformity.
Results: Out of 179 patients, there were 5 patients who were
reported to have unacceptable varus malalignment (2.79%).
These 5 patients were out of the 88 (5.68%) patients utilizing
the greater trochanter as the entry point. The same 5 patients
were out 90 patients that were diagnosed with proximal
femur shaft fractures (5.55%). Analysis with logistic
regression was statistically not significant.
Conclusion: There was higher rate of varus malalignment
seen in proximal femur shaft fractures treated with
interlocking nails utilizing the greater trochanter entry point.
The incidence of varus malalignment was not significant
statistically.
Key Words:
interlocking nail; greater trochanter entry point; varus
deformity; femur shaft fracture
3.Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A
Chew YW ; Suppan VK ; Ashutosh SR ; Tew MM ; Jimmy-Tan JH
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):42-44
The authors describe a case of pneumocephalus following
epidural anaesthesia for total knee arthroplasty. Multiple
attempts in locating the epidural space for the anaesthesia
and the use of loss of resistance to air (LORA) technique
were identified as the source of air entry. Supportive
management was given including high flow oxygenation
therapy and spontaneous reabsorption of air was noted five
days after surgery. The presence of pneumocephalus should
be kept in mind if patient develops neurological
complications postoperatively following epidural
anaesthesia.
Pneumocephalus
;
Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures
4.Streptococcus Constellatus Spondylodiscitis in a Teenager: A Case Report
Lim SW ; Lim HY, MBBS, Kannaiah T ; Zuki Z
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):50-52
Streptococcus constellatus is an extremely rare cause of
pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Literature search yielded only
one case report in an elderly 72 years old man with
spontaneous T10-T11 S. constellatus spondylodiscitis. It is
virtually unheard of in young teenage. We report the case of
a 14 years old male teenager who presented with worsening
low back pain for one year with no neurological deficit.
Imaging studies were consistent with features of L4-L5
spondylodiscitis. CT guided biopsy grew a pure culture of
streptococcus constellatus sensitive to penicillin and
erythromycin. He showed full recovery with six weeks of
intravenous antibiotics. Due to the insidious onset, this case
highlight the importance of high clinical suspicion and early
diagnosis, with image guided biopsy followed by treatment
with appropriate intravenous antibiotics to enable full
recovery without further neurological deterioration.
5.Osteoradionecrosis in Subaxial Cervical Spine - a Rare and Devastating Complication: A Case Report
Rashid MZ ; Ariffin MH ; Rhani SA ; Baharudin A ; Ibrahim K
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):53-55
Osteoradionecrosis, a rare complication of radiation therapy,
is a slow progression disease which affects the surrounding
structures of spinal components. It essentially weakens the
soft tissue and bony configuration and can cause nerve
impingement or cord compression. We describe a patient
who underwent radiotherapy for thyroid cancer and
presented with cervical kyphosis with anterolisthesis of
C3/C4 and C4/C5 some 32 years later. We explore the role of
anterior and posterior fusion, as well as hyperbaric oxygen
therapy in promoting healing.
Osteoradionecrosis
6.Dystrophic Scoliosis in Neurofibromatosis and Rib-head Resection: A Case Report
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):59-62
Surgical management of scoliosis in Neurofibromatosis type
I may be challenging at times especially when dealing with
dystrophic curves. We highlight the importance of meticulous
study of the radiological imaging and careful pre-operative
planning in a patient with dystrophic scoliosis.
Key Words:
neurofibromatosis scoliosis; dystrophic curve; rib-head excision
7.Posterior Elbow Dislocation with Brachial Artery Thrombosis Treated Non-surgically: A Case Report
Lim SM ; Chua GG ; Asrul F ; Yazid M
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2017;11(3):63-65
The brachial artery is rarely injured in closed posterior
dislocation of the elbow, unlike the high rate of vascular
injury seen after dislocation of the knee. Despite the
anatomical proximity of the brachial artery to the elbow
joint, most cases of brachial artery injury after dislocation of
the elbow are related to an associated fracture, an open injury
or high-energy trauma. A high index of suspicion should be
maintained as well as a thorough neurovascular examination
with regards this potentially disastrous complication. We
describe an unusual case of complete thrombosis of the
brachial artery presenting with a posterior elbow dislocation
following a fall (low energy trauma) that was treated nonoperatively.
At three months follow-up, patient had good
circulation over the affected limb, no complaints of ischemic
pain or cold intolerance, no signs of Volkmann's ischemic
contracture, and a range of motion that was comparable to
the contralateral limb.
8.The Use of PROSTALAC In Two-stage Reimplantation 0f Septic Total Knee And Hip Arthroplasty
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2010;4(3):11-15
The PROSTALAC (PROSThesis Antibiotic Loaded Acrylic Cement) functional spacer is made with antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement. We use it as an interim spacer in two-stage exchange arthroplasty in cases of infected total knee or total hip replacement. PROSTALAC allows continuous rehabilitation between stages as it maintains good alignment and stability of the joint with a reasonable range of movement. It also helps to maintain the soft-tissue planes, thereby facilitating the second-stage procedure. We report here early outcomes of the use of PROSTALAC in 5 patients - 3 in total knee replacements, 1 in a total hip replacement and 1 in a bipolar hemiarthroplasty.
9.Outcome of Traumatic Fractures of the Intracapsular Neck of the Femur Treated with Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Aged Above 60 Years
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2010;4(3):7-10
This study was undertaken to investigate the outcome of traumatic intracapsular neck of femur fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients aged ? 60 years who underwent THA for traumatic intracapsular neck of femur fractures from January 2005 to March 2009 were included in the study. Telephone or personal interviews were conducted. There were 49 patients identified within the study period. The mean age was 74.12 years. Most patients were females (81.6%), with a male: female ratio of 1: 4.4. In total, 29 patients were available for outcome scoring. The one-month mortality rate was 4.1%, and the one-year mortality rate was 20.5%. Of the 29 patients 82.8% obtained a Zukerman Functional Outcome Score of good (80 ?100) and 13.8% obtained a score of fair (60 ?80). THA for the treatment of traumatic neck of femur fractures in elderly is a good option with 96.6% of patients obtaining a satisfactory functional outcome, with acceptable morbidity and mortality statistics.
10.The Effectiveness of Intravenous Morphine Infusion as Preemptive Analgesia in Preventing Phantom Limb Pain Following Lower Limb Amputation
Kc Chong ; Sulaiman Ar ; Yusof Mi
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2010;4(3):3-6
Phantom limb pain may reduce ambulation and mobility in amputees, resulting in diminished quality of life. We conducted a prospective study to compare the perioperative analgesic use of intravenous morphine infusion in 27 patients (Group A) and intramuscular diclofenac sodium in 28 patients (Group B) in patients undergoing lower limb amputation. All patients underwent amputation under spinal anaesthesia and reported a Modified Verbal Numerical Pain Score of less than two prior to the procedure. Presence of phantom pain was assessed on the first, second, third and seventh day as well as at the third month and sixth month post-operatively. Twelve (44 %) patients from group A and 21 patients (75 %) from group B developed phantom limb pain following amputation, a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05). We conclude that intravenous morphine infusion is more effective than intramuscular diclofenac sodium in preventing the occurrence of phantom limb pain following amputation.