Microorganisms of conjunctival sac, lacrimal sac, and nasal cavity were studied in 86 patients with obstruction in the lacrimal system. We analyzed the data of bacteriologic culture and its antibiotic sensitivity. The results were as follows; 1. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common microorganism in conjunctival sac, lacrimal sac, and nasal cavity. 2. There was no correlation among the organisms in conjunctival sac, lacrimal sac, and nasal cavity. 3. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were most sensitive tocephalothin and cefatoxim.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis

The autorefractometer alone without subjective refinement cannot be substituted for conventional complete refracting methods with subjective refinement. The auto refractometer can be used as a substitute for retinoscopy in determining the starting point for a subjective refraction. In this study, authors observed the prevalence, type, and degree of refractive errors in 409 eyes with normal visual acuity(20/20 or more). The results were as follows: 1. The autorefractometer tended to be on the minus side that is, overestimating myopia and understimating hyperopia-in all groups. 2. In objective refraction, 247 of 409 eyes with normal visual acuity had refractive error such as simple myopia(52 eyes), simple myopic astigmatism(122 eyes), compound myopic astigmatism (29 eyes), mixed astigmatism(39 eyes), and hyperopia(5 eyes). 3. In objective refraction, visual acuity was decreased with convex lens in hyperopia, mixed astigmatism and compound astigmatism were changed into simple myopic astigmatism. 4. Degree of astigmatism were less than 0.5 diopter in majority(92.8%). 5. In subjective refraction, 97 of 190 eyes were represented as simple myopic astigmatism, while 93 of 190 were normal, 63 of 97 astigmatism were "with the rule" and 34 of 97 astigmatism were "against the rule."
Astigmatism ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Prevalence ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoscopy ; Visual Acuity* ; Young Adult*

To investigate general misconception on eye problems, we analysed the data from 10 questionnaires about the myopia and defective color vision of protocol type answered by 1344 students of middle school, high school, and college for the first report. The results were as follows: 1. The mean number of correct answer was 3.7. 2. The number of correct answer was related to the school carrier but not to sex, residence, and wearing glasses. 3. The incidence of correct answer to questionnaires about the etiology of disease was relatively lower than those about the treatment.
Color Vision* ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Incidence ; Myopia* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To report one case of Parinaud syndrome after intracranial hemorrhage. CASE SUMMARY: A 45-year-old man visited our emergency department complaining of right-sided weakness and right-sided hypoesthesia. Intracranial hemorrhage in the left thalamus and intraventricular hemorrhage were noted upon brain computed tomography, and the patient was admitted to the department of neurosurgery. He complained of diplopia and upgaze palsy, and he was referred to the department of ophthalmology. The patient exhibited convergence-retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation and vertical gaze limitation within 15 degrees. The best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 20/20, but convergence-retraction nystagmus and light-near dissociation still remained. Upgaze palsy was also not improved. CONCLUSIONS: Once symptoms manifest, Parinaud syndrome does not resolve except in patients with hydrocephalus. If the findings persist for more than 6 months, the likelihood of complete resolution is very small. We reported a case of typical Parinaud syndrome with upgaze palsy, convergence-retraction nystagmus and light-near dissociation after thalamic and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Brain ; Diplopia ; Dissociative Disorders ; Emergencies ; Eye ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hypesthesia ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgery ; Ocular Motility Disorders ; Ophthalmology ; Paralysis ; Thalamus ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of a macular pseudohypopyon in the right eye in bilateral Terson's syndrome. CASE SUMMARY: During a right eye vitrectomy of a 56-year-old female patient who showed bilateral Terson's syndrome with subarachnoid hemorrhage, a macular pseudohypopyon was observed. In an oval-shaped subinternal limiting membrane cyst (4x2 diameter size disc) including the central fovea, white exudates with fluid levels were present. The macular pseudohypopyon in the right eye was suspected to have occurred during the absorption of the subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage. In the left eye, white exudates were clustered in the central fovea. In the right eye, the central fovea was above the fluid level of the pseudohypopyon, and corrected visual acuity was 1.0 after 6 months. Two months after the operation, the pseudohypopyon was absorbed.
Absorption ; Exudates and Transudates ; Eye ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Membranes ; Middle Aged ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: We present three cases of atypical Harada's disease that exhibited different clinical courses. CASE SUMMARY: (Case 1) A 56-year-old male initially presented with typical findings of Harada's disease accompanied by exudative retinal detachment of the left eye. However, he did not show any signs and symptoms of Harada's disease in his right eye for 4 years. (Case 2) A 73-year-old male came to our clinic complaining of decreased visual acuity in both eyes with headache and tinnitus. Fundoscopic findings showed bilateral annular choroidal detachment but no evidence of exudative retinal detachment. The same result was obtained on remission. (Case 3) A 53-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes with headache and tinnitus. Fundoscopic findings showed severe choroidal folds instead of exudative retinal detachment, which was observed in 2 other remissive cases. CONCLUSIONS: We report 3 cases of atypical Harada's disease that did not present with bilateral exudative retinal detachment. Ophthalmologists should know that Harada's disease can exhibit diverse clinical courses.
Aged ; Choroid ; Eye ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Porphyrins ; Retinal Detachment ; Tinnitus ; Visual Acuity

A patient who had been complaining of slowly progressive proptosis for two months came to the authors`hospital. Brain MRI was taken promptly to show an intraorbital lesion highly suspicious of schwannoma. We performed an operation in concert with neurosurgeons in which the intraorbital mass was totally resected through orbitozygomatic and extradural approach. After the surgery, ptosis of right upper eyelid and right hypertropia of 22 prism developed as a complication. Another operation was performed 7 months after the initial resection of the mass, in which right inferior rectus muscle was recessed and a silicone sleave was inserted for right frontalis sling. No further complication developed thereafter. Presently, the patient has right hypotropia of 8 prism and only a few creases on right upper eyelid. Orbital schwannoma is a rare disease and comprises approximately 1 percent of all orbital tumors. The authors experienced postoperative double elevator palsy as well as sinus and intraorbital schwannoma. We report this case with review of the literature.
Brain ; Cavernous Sinus* ; Elevators and Escalators* ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma* ; Orbit* ; Paralysis* ; Rare Diseases ; Silicones ; Strabismus

Medulloepithelioma(diktyoma) is a uncommon congenital tumor that is generally believed to arise from the embryonic neuroepithelium of the medullary tube. This tumor usually arises from the ciliary body epithelium. But medulloepitheliomas of the retina and optic nerve may also occur, although it is extremely rare, because the embryonal medullary epithelium that lines the optic vesicle is continuous with the epithelium lining the cavity of the optic nerve during the early embryonal period. The occurrence of medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve is exceptionally rare, with only a few cases have been previously reported. We report a first case of medulloep-ithelioma of the optic nerve head in Korea in a 5-year-old girl who presented with a poor vision and squint of the left eye.
Child, Preschool ; Ciliary Body ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive* ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Strabismus

Few have reported fungal sinusitis confined in only sphenoidal sinus which caused orbital complication. Reportedly, early surgical treatment can lead to visual recovery especially in its involvement of optic nerve. We report a patients who was hospitalized due to sudden decrease in visual acuity and headache, and was histopathologically diagnosed as having aspergillosis confined in sphenoid sinus, but failed to show restoration of visual acuity after the operation using nasal endoscope.
Aspergillosis ; Endoscopes ; Headache ; Humans ; Optic Nerve* ; Orbit ; Sinusitis ; Sphenoid Sinus ; Sphenoid Sinusitis* ; Visual Acuity

The linear nevus sebaceous syndrome is a rare eurocutaneous syndrome that may be accompanied by ocular abnormalities. It consists of the triad of characteristic midline facial linear nevus sebaceous, neurologic abnormalities which may include cerebral and cerebellar hypoplasia, widening of the subarachnoid space, seizures, and mental retardation and ocular abnormalities that may include conjunctival lipodermoids, colobomas of the lids, iris, choroid, and disc, angiomas of the orbit, osseous choristomas of the choroid, and subretinal neovascularization. We experienced a 5 month-old patient who has normal gestational periods and karyotype 46, XY at chromosomal study. On physical examination, he was found to have a linear nevus sebaceous in the right midline of face and scalp. On ocular examination, he was found to have lipodermoid, optic atrophy, peripapillary staphyloma, macular hypogenesis and osseous choristoma of the choroid. CT scan showed widening of the subarachnoid spaces and cerebral and cerebellar hypoplasia. Histopathologically it was proved as nevus sebaceous. We report this unusual case with literature review.
Choristoma ; Choroid ; Coloboma ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Iris ; Karyotype ; Nevus* ; Optic Atrophy ; Orbit ; Physical Examination ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Subarachnoid Space ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed