The 59th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting is known as the most powerful hematological meeting around the world. The outcomes in the meeting showed the progress of current hematological diseases from the fundamental research to the clinical practice, from the diagnosis to the treatment. The 59th ASH Annual Meeting covered the contents from the improvement of the formal treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia to the strategies of the aggressive B-cell lymphoma, from the prospect on myelodysplastic syndromes to the influence of biological features on the treatment strategies of indolent lymphoma, from the individualized treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to the study on acquired or hereditary bone marrow failure. The inspiring outcomes from the scholars in China have gained good reputations from the international.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) is one of the effective methods for treatment of lymphoma. The way to improve the efficacy and control the reverse reactions still needs to be explored further. Several clinical trials have indicated CAR-T could have favorable effects on the B-cell lymphoma patients with controllable reverse reactions. However, antigen loss is a major factor for the acquired resistance to CD19 CAR-T therapy. Other clinical researches, including CD22 for treatment of B-cell lymphoma and CD30 for Hodgkin lymphoma, have increased the efficacy of CAR-T. Moreover, lots of trials have suggested that the patients who received cyclophosphamide or bendamustine plus fludarabine lymphodepletion can get a high effective rate.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma in adults, which is a highly heterogeneous of lymphoma with different biological characteristics, clinical manifestations, response to treatment and different prognosis for different patients. Although the curative rate of DLBCL patients has been improved because of the immunotherapy based on the R-CHOP treatment, 40％of patients will be resistant to the treatment or relapse after the remission at the early stage with poor prognosis. This article summarizes the recent progress of DLBCL including new molecular typing, new target drug development and treatment of relapsed /refractory patients according to the 59th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an unique B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with aggressive biological behavior, high malignancy, fast progress, bad reaction to the normal treatment, short remission after the standard treatment, which is still considered as the an incurable lymphoma type. The 59th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting covered progress of the new target exploration of MCL, the drug resistance study and the optimization of clinical trails. The paper discusses the progress of MCL treatment according to the meeting literatures.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) deriving from the germinal center B-cell, is the most common indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma (NHL) and an incurable disease. FL was reported as the most attractive subtype of NHL at the 59th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting. The current focus includes maintenance treatment after induction therapy, new drugs combined induction therapy and maintenance therapy, chemotherapy-free for FL and the investigation of new prognostic biology markers.

Indolent B-cell lymphoma is still an incurable disease. However, with the further understanding of the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma in recent years, the number of treatment drugs and protocols for indolent B-cell lymphoma is increasing, including targeted drugs CD20 monoclonal antibody, BTK inhibitors, immunosuppressive agents, proteasome inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which may have effects on the future treatment strategies. This paper summarizes the key clinical trials of targeted therapies for indolent B-cell lymphoma according to the 59th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a highly curable malignancy for most patients, while the treatment of relapsed and refractory HL is still a difficult and important field. A high dose of chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation is treated as the preferred treatment with a high relapse incidence. The 59th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting reported the recent progress of the treatment of relapsed and refractory HL, including the improvement of traditional high dose chemotherapy regimens, the new drugs or therapies like brentuximab vedotin, nivolumab, pembrolizumab and ibrutinib, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell. This review focuses on these advances.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Hyper-CVAD intensive chemotherapy regimen in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive T-cell lymphoma. Methods The efficacy, side effects and survival status were retrospectively analyzed in 34 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive T-cell lymphoma who received Hyper-CVAD regimen as induction therapy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2009 to December 2010. Results Of 34 patients, 28 cases (82.4 ％) showed treatment response, including 10 cases (29.4 ％) of complete response (CR). Eleven patients underwent stem cell transplantation, including 1 case of human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The median follow-up was 16 months (1-82 months), and the overall survival (OS) rate of 1 or 3-year was 70.2 ％ and 41.1 ％ respectively, and progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 1 or 3-year was 49.3 ％ and 31.6 ％ respectively. The major adverse reaction was myelosuppresion, including 18 cases (52.9％) of myelosuppresion with grade Ⅳ. Three patients died of serious infection. Cox regression multifactor analysis showed CR was the only influencing factor for PFS (HR=6.118, 95％CI 1.327-28.206, P=0.020). Marrow involvement (HR= 0.270, 95 ％CI 0.101-0.722, P= 0.009) and CR (HR= 6.669, 95 ％CI 1.754-25.354, P= 0.005) were independent influencing factors for OS. Conclusions Hyper-CVAD regimen has a high response rate for aggressive T-cell lymphoma, but the lasting effectiveness and the short-term efficacy show unfavorable performances. Meanwhile, myelosuppression is serious and infection incidence is high. Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation after remission may improve the outcome.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of GDP regimen for treatment of relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods The clinical data of 40 patients with relapsed and refractory NHL in the Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2009 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent GDP regimen (gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin). The clinical features, laboratory data and survival status were analyzed. Results The overall response rate (ORR) of 40 patients was 67.5 ％ (27/40) with 27.5 ％ (11/40) complete remission (CR) rate and 40.0 ％(16/40) partial remission rate. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 86.5 ％ and the OS rate of 5-year was 28.8 ％. The ORR and 3-year OS rate in B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma were 69.6 ％ (16/23) vs. 52.9 ％ (9/17) (P=0.283), 90.9％vs. 80.7％(P=0.480). The CR rate in patients with gastrointestinal tract involvement was better than that in patients without gastrointestinal tract involvement (P= 0.049). Meanwhile, the patients with gastrointestinal tract involvement were superior in 3-year OS rate (89.3％vs. 76.2％, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.237). The major side effect was hematological adverse reactions. The incidence of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ neutropenia was 47.5 ％, the rate of Ⅲ/Ⅳthrombocytopenia was 40.0％and the rate ofⅢ/Ⅳanemia was 17.5％. Non-hematological adverse reactions included mild nausea and vomiting. Conclusions GDP regimen is effective and well tolerated in relapsed and refractory NHL with better efficacy for gastrointestinal tract involvement NHL patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor antagonist aprepitant combined with prednisone and tropisetron in prevention of nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by R-CHOP or CHOP regimen. Methods A total of 90 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who accepted R-CHOP or CHOP regimen in the People''s Hospital of Tianjin from October 2015 to January 2016 were divided into aprepitant group (45 cases) and the control group (45 cases) according to the random number table. In aprepitant group, day 1: aprepitant 125 mg 1 h before chemotherapy, prednison 100 mg, tropisetron 10 mg, and tropisetron 5 mg 2 hours after chemotherapy;day 2-3:aprepitant 80 mg and prednison 100 mg, tropisetron 10 mg; day 4-5: prednison 100 mg. In the control group, day 1: prednison 100 mg 1 h before chemotherapy, tropisetron 10 mg, and tropisetron 5 mg 2 h after chemotherapy; days 2-3: prednison 100 mg, tropisetron 10 mg; day 4-5: prednison 100 mg. Data on nausea, vomiting and remission treatment were collected every day. The complete remission (CR) rates of CINV without vomiting and remission drugs in the whole cycle were recorded. Functional living index-emesis questionnaire (FILE) was used to assess the effect of CINV on the life quality of the patients. Results CR in aprepitant group was higher than that in the control group (77.8 ％ vs. 55.6 ％, χ2= 5.000, P= 0.025). The rate of no vomiting in aprepitant regimen was higher than that in the control regimen (82.2 ％ vs. 62.2 ％, χ2 = 4.486, P= 0.034). The average scores of FILE between the two groups were (113 ±10) and (100 ±11) scores respectively, and there was a significant difference (t=12.437, P<0.001). The related adverse reactions of vomiting-stopping drugs in both groups had no statistical difference. Conclusion The aprepitant combined with tropisetron and prednisone can improve effectively nausea and vomiting induced by R-CHOP or CHOP chemotherapy regimen for DLBCL patients.