PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of addictive personality in adolescents. METHODS: The participants were 521 adolescents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to include personal-familial variables and psychosocial variables. Data were analyzed with the PASW 18.0 programs. RESULTS: The significant predictors of addictive personality in adolescents were school type, parental violent behavior, gender, self-control, impulsivity, and sensation seeking behavior. These personal-familial variables and psychological variables explained 64.1% of the variance in addictive personality. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that addictive personality in adolescents can be changed positively by reducing impulsivity and sensation seeking behavior and increasing self-control.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensation

PURPOSE: In this action research mixed research methods combining quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to examine a parent empowerment program for married immigrant women. METHODS: Data were collected from 14 women who participated in the action research. The 1st and 2nd sessions consisted of problem definition, planning, observation . evaluation and reflection. The parent empowerment program for married immigrant women was developed through theses steps, and quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in order to examine the effects of the program and the participant' empowerment experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test, and qualitative data using content analysis. RESULTS: The parent empowerment program was effective in enhancing married immigrant women's parenting efficacy and parenting attitude. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that, participants' empowerment experiences were: "learn information on parenting", "live stately with assertion my of opinions", "become confident in giving care", "as learner appreciating that children also try to be nice" and "family relations have improved". CONCLUSION: These results indicate the program is effective in enabling married immigrant women to find a 'positive I' so that they become aware of their identity as parents and help in their roles as parents.
Child ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Parenting ; Parents ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify factors affecting depression in college students and the correlation of depression with self-esteem and academic stress, and to identify differences among student self-esteem, academic stress, and general characteristics and the relationship of these variables to depression. METHODS: The study was done in April 2011 with 852 students in health-related majors (medicine, nursing science, and dental hygiene) of a medical college in Korea. A self-rating survey containing 10 items from the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, 20 items from the Self-rating Depression Scale, and 22 items on academic stress was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Medical students' scores for self-esteem were significantly higher than dental hygiene students, but for academic stress scores, the result was the opposite. Logistic regression showed that self-esteem, academic stress, academic major and satisfaction with it (positive affect), and home income level (negative affect) significantly affected the level of depression. CONCLUSION: Designing and implementing realistic programs tailored to students' academic majors to enhance their self-esteem and provide practical knowledge in dealing with academic stress will help these students obtain a healthier school life emotionally as well as academically.
Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Oral Hygiene

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify how empathy mediates the relationship between teachers' knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and educational interventions. METHODS: A survey for structural equation modeling was conducted with 334 teachers from 61 schools in D and Y cities in Korea. Data were collected from April 2012 to July 2012 through self-report questionnaires using standardized instruments. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win 20 and AMOS 20, and Sobel tests were conducted to determine the significance of mediation and Bootstrapping tests to construct confidence intervals. RESULTS: Teachers' empathy provided complete mediation between teachers' knowledge and educational interventions in classrooms. Results showed that empathy contributes positively to educational interventions in ADHD by increasing understanding of children with ADHD and the situation. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, teachers need to enhance their empathy towards students with ADHD to increase the effectiveness of their educational interventions for ADHD. These results suggest the importance of focusing on increasing teachers' empathy in the classroom in order to provider better education interventions for children with ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Empathy ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Recently, gambling problem have increased in Korea and the prevalence rate is much higher than in western countries. Prevention of gambling addiction is very important at this point, but we have no accreditation or certification system for gambling addiction prevention counselors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the job and to develope a curriculum for Gambling Addiction Prevention Counselor (GAPC). METHODS: The definition of GAPC, job analysis and curriculum development were done based on developing a curriculum(DACUM) method. RESULTS: The duties performed by GAPC are categorized as planning & implementing, public education, outcome evaluation and professional development, which are classified into 8 tasks. The curriculum for training GAPC had 20 lectures covering 6 subjects: Introduction to gambling addiction, Prevention policy & institute, Methods of prevention education, Development of prevention programs, Prevention programs for target population, Empowerment for prevention counselors. Among the total 50 hours, 27 were for theory and 23 for practice. The mean of CVI (Content Validity Index) was 77 by multidisciplinary professional panels. CONCLUSION: The specific tasks for gambling addiction prevention activities can be identified and curriculum developed for utilization in training GAPCs.
Accreditation ; Certification ; Counseling ; Curriculum ; Gambling ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Korea ; Lectures ; Power (Psychology) ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate evidence of exercise programs as interventions to decrease depression, anxiety symptoms and stress as well as to improve physical status and self-esteem in adolescents. METHODS: A search of electronic bibliographic database of Medline Ovid, Embase, KoreaMed and NDSL etc. was carried out to identify studies of randomized controlled trials that included exercise programs for adolescent. Of 679 publications identified, 10 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all studies were used in the meta-analysis. For Quality assessment of studies, Cochrane's Risk of Bias was used. RESULTS: The effectiveness of exercise therapy in adolescents showed that depression symptoms and stress decreased significantly, -0.50 (95% CI: -0.73~-0.27), -1.65 (95% CI: -3.19~-0.12) respectively, but there were some heterogeneity. Self-esteem increased 0.19 (95% CI: -0.22~0.60) due to exercise therapy but theses scores were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, there is evidence that exercise programs in adolescents are effective in improving depression symptoms, stress, and self-esteem. Therefore, the priority task is to develop tailored exercise programs for Korean adolescents and make efficient use of these programs.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Depression ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Population Characteristics

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effects of a Stress Management Program providing Cognitive Behavior Therapy on problem-focused coping, job stress, and depression. METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest. Participants were recruited from two fire safety centers in D city, and the research was carried out from March 11 to April 2, 2011. To test the effects of the Stress Management Program participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (21) and a control group (20). The research tools included problem-focused coping, job stress, and depression scales. The Stress Management Program was provided to the experiment group for 60 minutes/session twice a week, for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact probability test, chi2-test, t-test with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. RESULTS: After attending the Stress Management Program, significant differences were found in problem-focused coping scores and depression scores between the experimental group and the control group (t=4.70, p<.001; t=-3.16, p=.003). But there were no significant differences in job stress scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the Stress Management Program providing Cognitive Behavior Therapy is an effective nursing intervention for improving problem-focused coping and decreasing depression in firefighters.
Cognitive Therapy ; Depression ; Firefighters ; Fires ; Humans ; Research Design ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a stress relief program on burden, anxiety, depression and stress response in family members of patients with mental illness. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent comparison group pretest and posttest design was used. Participants were family members of patients with mental illness at a mental health center in C city (15 in the experimental group and 17 in the comparison group). The program was provided for 90-100 minutes/session once a week, for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: After a stress relief program, we found statistically significant decreases in burden, depression and stress response for the experimental group. But there was no significant decrease in anxiety. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that stress relief program combining disease education and therapeutic recreation could reduce burden, depression and stress response in family members of patients with mental illness.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Recreation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore internalized stigma of patients with schizophrenia and examine factors contributing to their internalized stigma. METHODS: Participants in this study were 173 patients schizophrenia living in Busan. Data were collected between January 2 to 16, 2012 using the Korean version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), and measurements of Self-esteem, Depression, Family and Social support, and Insight. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for internalized stigma was 68.8+/-12.15. The significant factors influencing internalized stigma were depression, insight, admission status, mental health center services, number of admissions, self-esteem, and family support. These factors explained 40.8% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in development and practice of programs to decrease internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia factors identified in this study as influencing internalized stigma should be considered.
Depression ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors predicting internet game addiction in higher grade elementary schoolers by gender in a city. METHODS: The participants were 356 elementary school students who were in the 5th or 6th grade. Data were collected by structured questionnaires from March 15 to May 10 2011, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Prevalence rate of internet game addiction for elementary school students was 10.1% (boys 17.2%, girls 2.4%). School adjustment showed a negative correlation with internet game addiction by gender (boys: r=-.36, p<.001, girls: r=-.21, p=.005). In boys, variables that predicted internet game addiction were academic activity, amount of time for internet gaming per week, conforming to school norms, and parents' child-rearing attitudes (54.0%). In girls, variables that predicted internet game addiction were academic activity and amount of time for internet gaming per day (33.0%). CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate the need to develope school adjustment enhance programs, particularly for boys, to prevent internet game addiction in higher grade elementary school students.
Humans ; Internet ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires