OBJECTIVE To investigate distribution and drug resistance status of infections in urinary system and offer scientific basis for reasonable usage of antibiotics. METHODS Totally 258 isolates collected from urinary infection specimens were identified and drug susceptibility test was performed. RESULTS Escherichia coli rated the top one,73.3%.The isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin.The resistant rate to other 6 antibiotics were above 50%. CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance rate of isolates collected from urinary infection specimens goes upward,so we should pay attention to.

OBJECTIVE To prevent and control hospital cross-infection and hematogenous disease dissemination during oral cavity procedures.METHODS The problems that existed universally in instrument treating processes during oral cavity procedures were taken seriously.The perfect management rules and regulations were established.The instructions of technical operation were carried out strictly.We strengthened own-self occupation protection and implemented the standard prevention isolation principle.We guaranteed oral cavity synthesis method to implement,such as the instrument cleaning,disinfection,and antiseptic quality.RESULTS The hospital infection occurred in the oral cavity procedures could be reduced and avoided fundamentally through implementing infection control measure.The medical safety could be ensured.CONCLUSIONS The personnel standard diagnosing and treating operation of medical care should be established in hospital.The idea of disinfection and isolation asepsis should be enhanced.Own-self occupation protection must be required strictly.It is extremely important to control the infection during the oral cavity procedures.

OBJECTIVE To guide the reasonable application of antibiotics. METHODS The isolation and culturing of bacteria were done according to The National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules. RESULTS The main pathogens from urine were Escherichia coli(49.5%),Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis,from sputum were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(32.5%),E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,from pus were E.coli,Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CNS),and from blood and prostatic fluid were CNS. CONCLUSIONS Meticillin-resistant CNS(MRCNS) strains are more often seen than meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) ones,and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus(VRS) strains are not discovered.Staphylococcus are mostly sensitive to vancomycin.E.coli and K.pneumoniae are still sensitive to the first,second,third and fourth generation cephalosporins.

OBJECTIVE To prevent and control nosocomial infection in clinical laboratory of health center in small towns.METHODS Hidden danger of nosocomial infection was investigated and analyzed to formulate the strategy of precaution and control.RESULTS Management status in laboratory was not standardized and occurred several administration shortages such as supervising system,precaution consciousness,operating instruction,contamination zonation,medical garbage disposal,etc.CONCLUSIONS Adopting comprehensive management,establishing relevant rules and carrying on standardized administration are essential for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in laboratory of health center in small towns.

OBJECTIVE To explore the issues and weakness of hospital infection management at clean operating sector . METHODS Effective preventing and controlling measures of hospital infection, sterilization, isolation , and aseptic technique recommended by WHO were utilized in order to improve investigation and management . RESULTS Quality control was formed in the practice process when sterilization and aseptic technique was performed in routine work at clean operating sector. CONCLUSIONS Hospital infection can be prevented and controlled effectively, patients′ safety coefficient can be improved, and operative infection rate can be lowered when the methods stated in this paper are performed strictly.

OBJECTIVE To prevent nosocomial infection from catheterization room and to reduce the rate of postoperative infection, and improve quality of catheterization room medical care. METHODS Air, object surfaces, the hands of medical staff, and using disinfectant in catheterization room were put to the test every month. RESULTS Totally 253 specimens were put surveillance over three years, total qualified rate was 99.6%, that of air was 98.6% and of object surfaces was 100%, for the hands of medical staff was 100%, and for using disinfectant was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing prevention nosocomial infection can effectively reduce the infection rate. Surveying the catheterization room termly is an important measure to prevent and control the nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current status that nosocomial infection constitutes one of the main problems threatening the safety of hospitalized patients and to set the idea that a good practice of hand hygiene will definitely improve the situation.METHODS The published papers and related regulations in this specific field were reviewed.RESULTS The most common way responsible for nosocomial infection was the transmission of pathogens by hands of medical staff;the detection rate of pathogens was as high as 80% in nursing staff hands,which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by rates of 25.9%,22.2% and 14.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is of great importance to control nosocomial infection by realizing and using the hand hygiene knowledge,which is basic,simple,and practicable.

OBJECTIVE To know the situation of antimicrobial application during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in hospital and the role of surgical nurses in rational use of antibacterials to prevent the nosocomial infection.METHODS To train surgical and operating room nurses on basis of Zhejiang provincial guide scheme on clinical rational use of antibacterials and chooses the patients of department of general surgery after cholecystectomy during Jan to Jun 2006 to know their antibacterial application.RESULTS From 219 cases after laparoscopic cholecystectomy during this period,96% had rational use of antibacterials during perioperative period vs 56% in the same period of 2005 when were without surgical nurse intervention.CONCLUSIONS The active of surgical nurses is important to significantly elevate the efficacy of rational use of antibacterials during perioperative period.

OBJECTIVE To approach the constituent ratio and drug-resistance of Gram-negative bacilli(GNB) in nosocomial infections and provide the scientific evidence for the clinical treatment of infectious diseases.METHODS Totally 376 GNB strains isolated from our hospital were cultured and identified according to the National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules.The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B method and the constituent ratio of GNB was analyzed statistically.RESULTS The pathogens with strains having higher isolating rate were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(21.5%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(17.6%),Acinetobacter baumannii(14.4%),Escherichia coli(10.9%),and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(5.9%).The drug sensitivity tests in vitro showed that these strains were multiresistant.Except for natural drug-resistant S.maltophilia,16.0% of P.aeruginosa and 24.1% of A.baumannii were resistant to imipenem.The average detection rate of the extended spectrum ?-lactamase(ELBLs) producers was 40.2%.CONCLUSIONS The resistance status of GNB is very serious.We must strengthen monitoring and controlling of drug resistance.

OBJECTIVE To set up a multiple functional information system for prevention, health care and hospital infection management in order to substitute the primitive older methods.METHODS On the platform of hospital information system, to construct above mentioned system, adopting C/S framework, the backstage supporter adopted the large-scale database of SQL SERVER 2000 enterprises edition, the front application program used Power Builder7 programming. The application software where collected all data about happened public health event, infectious disease epidemic situation and hospital information management was integrated into the each work station of the information system of hospital management, in order to form the report related to any department of the hospital, and control network. RESULTS System could come down with the public health event to which every hospital department could find the infectious disease case, hospital infection case, etc. to check, put in order, report, count, analyze, have a look around, inquire about, feedback, and form the monitoring chart with excellent pictures and texts. CONCLUSIONS This software is a medical quality control system of a hospital, can to meet suddenly public health event, infectious disease epidemic situation and hospital infection control, and raise working efficiency in real time to control hospital infection.