Objective: To detect the correlation of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) with a high mobility group box-1 Protein (HMGB1) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cervical carcinoma and the effect on prognosis. Methods:Immunohistochem-istry was applied to detect HMGB1, CD68, and D2-40 expressions in cervical squamous cell carcinoma in 93 cases. t test,χ2 test, Spear-man rank correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression were performed to analyze the expression levels, correlation, and prognosis. Results: HMGB1 protein, CD68, and D2-40 were highly expressed in CSCC. As HMGB1 and TAM expressions in-creased, lymphatic vessel density increased. As HMGB1 and TAM expressions decreased, lymphatic vessel density decreased. Positive correlations were also found between the HMGB1 protein, TAM content, and LVD. In the group with low HMGB1 and TAM expres-sions, the survival time of the group with a high LVD expression was significantly lower than that of the group with a low LVD expres-sion. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that HMGB1 and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. TAMs and LVD were not independent prognostic factors. Conclusion:HMGB1 proteins and TAMs were highly expressed in CSCC. Patients who exhibit increased HMGB1 expression or increased TAM count consequently show enhanced LVD expressions, increased lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis.

Radiotherapy is the main treatment method of early lung cancer not undergoing surgery for medical reasons and advanced non-resectable lung cancer. The local regional control of lung cancer requires high-dose irradiation, but this treatment is restricted by normal tissue tolerance. The measurement and control of errors are crucial for safe implementation of lung cancer precision radiotherapy. Lung tumor radiotherapy error sources, the methods to control these errors, and the error development trend are discussed in this review.

Aurora-A is a mitotic serine/threonine kinase that is evolutionally conserved and localized at the centrosome. Aurora-A activation is required for mitotic entry, centrosome maturation, and centrosome separation. Aurora-A is frequently amplified and/or over-expressed in breast, ovarian, esophageal, colon, lung, and bladder cancers. Aurora-A has recently become a new target of malignant tumors. The Aurora-A inhibitor can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs to provide a new way for cancer treatment. In this study, we review the function and inhibitor of Aurora-A kinase.

Musashi is a family of RNA binding proteins with a conservative evolution. This protein family is selectively ex-pressed in the nervous system and comprises two members, namely, Musashi-1 and Musashi-2. Musashi-1 and Musashi-2 are transla-tional suppressors of Numb mRNA and can synergistically regulate the Notch signaling pathway;as a result, an asymmetric division of stem cells occurs. Musashi-1 is the first member of the family and was originally isolated from Drosophila. As a candidate stem gene, Musashi-1 participates in disease progression in stem cells. Musashi-1 is also an important protein that maintains the functions of stem cells, participates in tumor-related signaling pathways, and participates in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, Musashi-1 is overexpressed in many solid tumors, such as neuroglioma, esophagus, gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers. Studies on Musashi-1 can provide new insights into genetic diagnosis and cancer treatments. In this study, the structure and function of Musashi-1 and the re-search progress of tumor mechanisms were summarized and reviewed.

Objective:To consolidate ten years of clinical experience on the application of breast fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) in breast intra-ductal lesion. Methods:The clinical data of 1 368 cases of patients with nipple discharge were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results:Significant differences were observed in the FDS diagnoses of patients with nipple discharge. The rates of tumor de-tection by FDS diagnosis were significantly higher when bloody and serous nipple discharge was used rather than milky and watery nip-ple discharge. For non-tumor nipple discharge, local drug perfusion via FDS was an effective treatment. A total of 303 patients had tu-mor resection or segmentectomy under localization via FDS, and 44 had segmentectomy after breast duct infusion of methylene blue. The diagnostic rate of localization via FDS (97.0%) was higher than that of breast duct infusion of methylene blue (86.4%). Conclu-sion:FDS is an accurate method for diagnosing patients with nipple discharge. In addition, it is also a good local drug perfusion method for patients with breast inflammatory nipple discharge ductoscopy. For patients with tumorous nipple discharge, localization via FDS can help improve the detection of the lesions, which can be removed by surgery.

Long-term failure in choice of materials for artificial esophagus (AE) and in treating incidence of postoperative com-plications of esophageal cancer has resulted in lack of ideal AE regeneration. As one of the innate elements forming the human body, carbon possesses high tissue affinity. Artificial esophagus as the induced stent of esophageal regeneration is the best choice for replac-ing esophageal defects and for reintroducing oral feeding after cancer radical resection.

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) has a six-to seven-fold risk of occurring in cancer patients compared with non-cancer patients. VTE is the second most common cause of death among patients with cancer, and cancer-associated VTE is be-coming increasingly prevalent. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer-associated VTE is particularly important. This study presents a pancreatic cancer-associated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patient who engaged in a multidisciplinary comprehensive discus-sion in the Interventional Therapy Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital to enhance concern, interdisciplinary com-munication, and cooperation in terms of cancer-associated VTE diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and evaluation of the prognosis of syndrome of inap-propriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) in lung-cancer patients. Methods:We review the clinical data of six lung cancer cases, includ-ing four small cell lung cancer, one adenocarcinoma, and one squamous cell carcinoma, with SIADH complication. All six cases were treated in our hospital over the past three years. Results:Patients with various serum sodium levels were provided different therapeutic regimens. Symptoms of fatigue and nervous system disorders, plasma sodium, urine sodium, and plasma osmotic pressure were alleviat-ed. Conclusion:SIADH is a common complication of lung cancer, particularly in small lung cancer cases. Electrolyte disturbances indi-cate poor prognosis, high mortality rate, and delay in treatment because of clinical interest. After a final diagnosis has been made and ap-propriate treatment has been administered, clinical symptoms were relieved and blood sodium levels were quickly and significantly im-proved in these patients.

Objective:The benefits of postoperative adjuvant therapy method for low-risk early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma were investigated. Methods:A total of 133 patients with low-risk early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma were treated at Shandong Cancer Hospital&Institute from February 2008 to March 2012. All patients received adjuvant therapy:42 were treated with pelvic ra-diotherapy (RT), 47 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CT)+intracavitary radiotherapy (ICRT), and 44 were treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). Disease-free survival (DFS) and complications of the therapy were evaluated. Results:No significant differences in DFS were observed in the patients treated with RT, CT+ICRT, and CCRT (P>0.05), and the three-year DFS rates were 94.0%, 93.4%, and 97.6%, respectively. The frequencies of grade III to IV acute toxicities were significantly higher in patients treated with CCRT (34.1%) than in those treated with RT (9.5%) or CT+ICRT (16.7%) (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the RT group and the CT+ICRT group (P>0.05). Grade I to II late toxicity was significantly more frequent in the CCRT (25%) and RT (19.0%) groups compared with the CT+ICRT group (4.3%) (P>0.05), but no statistically significant differences were observed between the CCRT and the RT groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:CT+ICRT or RT has a three-year DFS rate equivalent to CCRT but with fewer therapy com-plications for low-risk early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Object:To investigate the expression of cell cyclin G2 (CCNG2) in glioblastoma tissues and to explore the correla-tion of CCNG2 expression with clinicopathological parameters and clinical significance. Methods:Surgical specimens of glioblastoma were collected from a total of 129 cases. The expression of CCNG2 in 109 specimens with complete clinical data was examined via QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results:The expression of CCNG2 was significantly decreased in higher stages of glioblastoma compared with those in lower stages. Therefore, CCNG2 is inversely correlated with the stage of the disease. The expression of CCNG2 was associated with tumor stage, sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as survival times (P<0.05). CCGN2 was not cor-related with gender and age (P>0.05). Conclusion: CCNG2 expression may be associated with the development, treatment efficacy, and prognosis of glioblastoma. In addition, CCGN2 can be used to evaluate the malignant behavior of glioblastoma.