Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the John Hopkins Adapted Cognitive Exam ( ACE) in NICU patients. Methods The English ACE was translated and adapted into the Chinese version . Cognitive functions of 40 critically ill patients in NICU were assessed with the Chi?nese version of ACE and MMSE battery.The scores of ACE and MMSE were analyzed to test the content va?lidity,construct validity,concurrent validity,internal consistency,inter?rater reliability and test?retest reliabil?ity.Result The correlation coefficient between each factor and the total score ranged from 0.617 to 0.938, and the content validity was good.The ACE was significantly correlated with MMSE( r=0.822, P<0.05). Five factors were extracted by main principle analysis, the cumulative contribution was 85. 90%, the factor loading of each item was all over 0.5,the scale had good construct validity.There existed a good internal con?sistency ( Cronbach’ α=0.756 ) as well as a good inter?rater reliability ( ICC>0.95) and test?retest reliabil?ity (ICC=0.652?0.979) of the Chinese version of ACE.Conclusions The Chinese version of ACE has been proved to be a reliable and valid screening tool for cognitive impairment in NICU patients.

Treatment resistant depression is a common and severe mental disorder associated with significant burden of disease .Most individuals receiving conventional pharmacotheraphy fail to achieve and sustain remission.So this is still one of the difficult challenges for the psychiatrist .Much of the research pro-vided indications that the efficacy of treatment for the disease was not optimistic, but the treatment was still made great progress .The common treatments for this disease included pharmacotherapy,psychotherapy,elec-troconvulsive therapy(ECT),transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS),magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery( MRgFUS) ,deep brain stimulation ( DBS) ,aerobic exercise,light therapy and so on.Each therapeutic strategy has its own features, and could be suitable or unsuitable in some situations.The high rates of non-remission with first-line treatment strategies make the combination of antidepressant and non-drug treatments to be the new trend of the treatments for treatment resistant depression in the future.

Differentiating bipolar disorder (BD) from unipolar depression (UD) is an important clinical challenge.Review the development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI) in distinguishing the BD and UD, identifying objective markers of BD, to optimize clinical decision making.Database including PubMed,Wan Fang,CNKI and so on.The key words were usedunipolar depressionormajor depressive depression,bipolar depression,MRI,modeland so on.A little neuroimaging studies to date have directly compared UD and BD depressions.Most results from these studies suggest more heavy neural circuit abnormalities in BD than UD depression,involved in different brain regions.Predictive models based on neu-roimaging characteristics of BD and UD obtain a higher accuracy and can help differentiate BD from UD.This review serves as a call to highlight the need for more neuroimaging studies to compare individuals with BD depression with individuals with UD depression directly.Using neuroimaging results as objective biological i-dentification markers is a feasible research field.

Objective To explore the relationships among psychological empower, role stressors and job burnout in nurses.Methods From February to October of 2014, by random sampling method, 420 nurses from three hospitals of Jinzhou city of Liaoning province were selected and assessed with the psycho-logical empower questionnaires,the job burnout questionnaire,role stressors questionnaire.The data were ana-lyzed using pearson correlation analysis and logical multiple linear regression analysis.Results The average score of job burnout was (59.58±18.30) points, the average score of psychological empower was (38.87±7. 05) points.Job burnout and each dimension were negative correlated with self-determination of the psycho-logical empower ( r=-0.25--0.34, P<0.05) and self-efficacy ( r=-0.08--0.53, P<0.05).The scores of role stressors were positively correlated with the scores of emotional exhaustion( r=0.17-0.43, P<0.05) and cynicism ( r=0.07-0.46, P<0.05) .Multiple regression analysis showed that age(β=-0.104) ,education lev-el(β=-0.237),seniority(β=-0.334),self-determination(β=-0.152),self-efficacy(β=0.127),role am-biguity(β=0.284),role overload(β=0.325) were influencing factors of nursing burnout.Conclusion -Nurses role stressors and psychological empower can predict nurses’ burnout, so nurse managers can in-crease the level of authority to relieve psychological job burnout by reducing caregiver stress source.

Objective To investigate the mediating effect of the positive and the negative strategy of cognitive emotion regulation on the relationship between life events and suicide ideation among college students,as well as the moderating effect of social support on the mediation model.Methods Participants were 2 471 college students in Hunan province,and they completed the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List,the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale for university students and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire for university students .Results Negative strategy of cognitive emo-tion regulation played a mediating role between life events and suicide ideation among college students (β=0.17, t=8.43, P<0.01).Mediating effect quoted 0.28×(0.18-0.05U).Social Support (U) played a moder-ating role on the second path of mediation (β=-0.05, t=-2.47, P<0.05) .When U changed one unit,medi-ating effect changed 0.05 unit.Conclusion Life events influence suicide ideation through negative strategy, and with social support increasing,the effect of negative strategy on suicidal ideation weakened.

Objective To investigate the changes of myosin heavy chain ( MyHC) isoforms in rat masseter muscle fibers caused by chronic sleep deprivation ( CSD) and a possible link with the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint disorders ( TMD ) .Methods Total 180 male rats were randomly divided into three groups( n=60 per group): chronic sleep deprivation group ( CSD),cage control group ( CC),and large-platform control group ( TC ) .Each group was further divided into three subgroups ( n=20 in each group)according to the observation time point(7,14,and 21 days).The expression of MyHC isoforms in mas-seter muscle fibers was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemi-cal staining.Results The expression of MyHC-Ⅰ,MyHC-ⅡA and MyHC-ⅡB deep and shallow masseter muscle in CSD7d group had differention with the control group(MyHC-Ⅰ:(0.314±0.005,0.134±0.005, P<0.05;MyHC-ⅡA (7.960±0.465,7.090±0.564, P<0.05;MyHC-ⅡB:(2.840±0.054,2.580±0.054, P<0.05) .The expression of MyHC-Ⅰdeep and shallow masseter muscle in CSD 14 d group had differention with the control group(0.284±0.005,0.106±0.015, P<0.05),the same appearance as MyHC-ⅡA deep and shallow masseter muscle(7.030±1.045,6.050±0.976, P<0.05) and MyHC-ⅡB deep and shallow masseter muscle((3.680±0.548,3.850±0.457, P<0.05).CSD groups exhibited increased MyHC-Ⅰexpression in both the deep and shallow muscle fiber layers at 7 days compared with CC and TC groups(P<0.05) ,whereas CSD significantly decreased MyHC-ⅡA and MyHC-ⅡB expression(P<0.05) .The expression of MyHC-Ⅱwas sig-nificantly decreased in CSD 7 d group,while the expression of MyHC-Ⅰwas increased.As the CSD time ex-tended,the MyHC-Ⅱexpression was increased and MyHC-Ⅰexpression was descreased.CSD 21d group ex-hibited significant different from MyHC-Ⅱand MyHC-Ⅰexpression in the deep muscle fiber layer compared with those in CC and TC groups (P<0.05) ,while there was no difference of MyHC-Ⅰor MyHC-Ⅱexpression in the shallow muscle fiber layer between CSD group and CC group (P>0.05) ,and there were no differences between the CC and TC groups at any time point.Conclusion These findings suggest that CSD alters the ex-pression of MyHC isoforms,which may contribute to TMD pathogenesis.

Neurodegenerative diseases,which are common nervous system diseases,seriously affect people''s life quality and even lives. So the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is attracting more and more attention in recent years. People gradually realize that endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases through studying the function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Neurodegen-erative diseases, endoplasmic reticulum stress,unfolded protein responsewere used as the key words of retrieval performance in the databases such as Pubmed,CNKI and so on. And the papers which closely re-lated with the theme were chosen to investigate the association between alzheimer''s disease,parkinson''s dis-ease,Huntington'' s disease ,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ERS. It turned out that the expression of mo-lecular chaperone GRP78/Bip was increased in all neurodegenerative diseases, and the phosphorylation of eIF2α increased in most neurodegenerative diseases. However, the expression of some ERS-related factors was completely different in different neurodegenerative diseases. Thus,the study of ERS may be an important breakthrough for the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective To explore the relationship between aggressive behavior with thyroid hormone or cortisol and in schizophrenic patients. Methods According to the past violence history and modified overt aggression scale( MOAS) weighted total scores,108 schizophrenic patients were divided into aggressive group ( n=69) and non-aggressive group( n=39) . Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS) total scores, serum thyroid hormone levels and cortisol concentration were compared between the two groups before and af-ter 2,4 weeks treatment. And correlations of PANSS and sub-scales scores,thyroid hormone levels and corti-sol concentration with MOAS weighted total scores and subscales scores were analyzed before these patients receiving treatment. Results Before treatment,total scores of PANSS,positive symptoms and general psy-chopathology scores in aggressive group((94.19±12.71),(23.77±4.94),(52.61±6.45))were higher than that in non-aggressive group ((83.26±11.21),(21.36±7.10),(45.49±6.84)) and these differences were significant(P<0.05). But the difference of PANSS total scores after 2,4 weeks treatment between the two groups was not significant (P>0. 05 ) . Free thyroxine ( FT4 ) level of aggressive group ( ( 14. 41 ± 3. 58 ) pmol/L) was higher than that of non-aggressive group ((12.95±2.66)pmol/L) before treatment and the difference was significant(P<0.05) . Meanwhile,there was no significant differences between the two groups in thyrotropic-stimulating hormone(TSH),free triiodothyronine(FT3),total triiodothyronine(TT3) and total thyroxine( TT4) levels( all P>0.05) . After 2 or 4 weeks treatment,the differences between the two groups in TSH,FT3,FT4,TT3,TT4 levels were not significant(P>0.05). The differences between the two groups of cortisol concentration were not significant before and after 2,4 weeks treatment(P>0.05) . MOAS weighted to-tal scores were positively correlated with PANSS total scores,negative symptoms scores,general psychopathol-ogy scores and level of FT4,and their r values were 0.471,0.204,0.531,0.239(all P<0.05). Verbal aggres-sion was positively correlated with PANSS total scores,positive symptoms scores and general psychopathology scores,and their r values were 0.213,0.215,0.292(P<0.05). Auto-aggression was positively correlated with PANSS total scores and general psychopathology scores,and their r values were 0.278,0.382(P<0.05) . Psy-chical aggression was positively correlated with PANSS total scores,negative symptoms scores,general psy-chopathology scores and level of FT4,and their r values were 0.361,0.193,0.338,0.276(P<0.05). Conclusion The total scores of PANSS,positive symptoms,general psychopathology scores,level of FT4 and their variances can reflect severity of aggression and predict aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients. Concen-tration of cortisol is not associated with aggressive behavior and can not be used as a predictor of aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients.

Objective To explore the sensitivity and specificity of near-infrared spectroscopy ( NIRS) in the diagnosis of depression. Methods From March 2013 to August 2013,62 patients with de-pression and 70 normal controls were collected from Peking University Sixth Hospital. Optical Tomography System (52 channels) was used to collect the NIRS data during the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT),and the number of words produced during VFT task was recorded. The wave analysis was performed by a professional psychiatrist. Results There was statistical difference in the number of words produced during VFT task be-tween the patients with depression (8.65±0.49)and control group(10.19±0.43) ( t=2.385, P<0.05). Through the wave analysis of NIRS to test patients with depression,the results demonstrated that the sensitivi-ty was 66.1% and the specificity was 91.4%. Conclusion The results of NIRS test display high specificity in the diagnosis of depression,which can be used as an objective index for clinical auxiliary diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the event-related potentials( ERPs) characters of implicit cog-nitive basis in patients with alcohol dependence(AD). Methods Implicit association task and ERPs were detected in 30 individuals with alcohol dependence and 30 controls. Results In patients group,it revealed interaction between picture type and attitude words(F(1,29)= 32.08, P=0.003),and RTs to alcohol-related picture-positive words((653.2±42.3)ms and RTs to non-alcohol-related picture-negative words((698.5±38. 1)ms) were faster than those of non-alcohol-related picture-positive words((680.2±40.1)ms) and alcohol-related picture-negative words((713.3±43.3)ms).Additionally,the main effects of picture type and attitude words was significant.RTs to alcohol-related picture were faster than those to non-alcohol-related picture. RTs to alcohol-related picture-positive words in patient group were faster than those of controls((710.0±32.3) ms, P=0.009).In patients group,it revealed interaction between P3 amplitudes for picture type and attitude words.P3 amplitudes to alcohol-related picture-positive words were higher than those of P3 amplitudes to al-cohol-related picture-negative words. Interaction among picture type, attitude words and electrode sites was significant in patient group. Conclusions Patients with alcohol dependence present implicit cognitive basis to alcohol related information,and front,front-central and central are neurophysiological architecture.