Objective:To establish a rapid HPLC method for the quantitative determination of 5 saponins ( notoginsenoside R1 , ginsenoside Rg1 ,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rd) in Notoginseng total saponins using a monolithic column. Meth-ods:The analysis was performed on a Merck Chromolith Performance RP-18e column (100 mm × 4. 6 mm,2μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile and water. The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm. Results:Satisfactory separation of all analytes was obtained in 20 min. All calibration curves showed good linearity within the testing ranges (r≥0.9998). The average recoveries were between 98. 6% and 100. 4%. The RSDs were less than 2. 1% (n=6). Conclusion:The method is efficient and accurate for the quality con-trol of Notoginseng total saponins.

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Jinhuanglian oral liquid. Methods:The three herbs in the preparation, Honeysuckle, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgir and St John's Wort, were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Promosil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 4% phosphoric acid (10 :90) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min -1 , and the injection volume was 10μl. The detection wavelength was 327 nm. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 5.325-170.400 μg·ml-1(r=0.9998). The average recovery was 97. 95% and the RSD was 2. 04%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is reliable and easy to operate,which can be used as the quality control method for Jinhuanglian oral liquid.

Objective:To develop a more suitable sterile examination method for artemether injection in order to control its quality better. Methods:The direct inoculation and the membrane filtration was respectively used for the sterile examination of artemether in-jection. Results:In the direct inoculation method, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium perfringens grew well in the test tubes containing artemether injection in 24 h, and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans grew well in 48 h. In the membrane filtration method, Staphylococcus aureus grew well in 24 h in the test group containing artemether injection, and the other 5 strains grew well in 48 h. Conclusion:The positive strains can grow well in the applicability test of both methods. However, due to the simpler operation and higher accuracy of membrane filtration method, it is recommended to be used for the sterile test of artemether injection.

Objective:To develop a UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Guilong Kechuanning tablets including paeoniflorin, berberine hydrochloride, alkaloid, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde. Methods:An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.7 μm)chromatographic column was used;the mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)–0.1% formic acid solution (B) with gradient elution (0-10 min, 85% A;10-13 min, 10% A;13-15 min, 85% A) at a flow rate of 0. 4 ml·min-1, the detection wavelengths were:0-1. 8 min, 230 nm;1. 8-6. 0 min, 345 nm;6. 0-9. 0 min, 285 nm;9. 0-12. 0 min, 345 nm, and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:The linear range of paeoniflorin, berberine hydrochloride, alkaloid, cinnamic acid and cinna-maldehyde was 0. 060-1. 202 μg(r=0. 9999),0. 100-2. 010 μg(r=0. 9999),0. 040-0. 794 μg(r=0. 9994),0. 015-0. 302 μg(r=0.9999) and 0.042-0.850 μg(r =0.9999), the average recovery (n = 6) was 99.63%,99.26%,100.17%,98.80% and 100. 26%, and the RSDs were 0. 39%,0. 97%,0. 73%,1. 00% and 0. 71%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, accu-rate and reproducible. It can be used for the quality control of Guilong Kechuanning tablets.

Proton pump inhibitors ( PPI) have been widely used in clinics because of strong and lasting inhibiting effect on gastric acid secretion. Because of the higher incidence of stress ulcer and more drug combination used in critical patients, the use of PPI is more important. It has been proved that PPI used in critical patients may increase the incidence of serious adverse events, such as clos-tridium difficile associated diarrhea and pneumonia, so the rational use of PPI is more important in critical patients, especially for the preventive use. The preventive use of PPI including the prevention of drug-related upper gastrointestinal damage and stress ulcer in crit-ical patients was reviewed in the paper in order to provide reference for the rational drug use.

Objective:To summarize the structure, properties and biological functions ofβ-glucuronidase. Methods:By referring to the relevant literatures at home and abroad onβ-glucuronidase in recent years, this paper induced, analyzed and drew conclusions. Results:The crystal structure of humanβ-glucuronidase is comprised of three distinct structural domains. The most common mutation of β-glucuronidase is missense mutation, which results in the change of enzyme activity, and then induces a series of pathological chan-ges like MPSⅦ. The researches on β-glucuronidase used in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug drug therapy and enzyme replacement therapy are becoming deeper and deeper. Conclusion:β-Glucuronidase as an important acid hydrolytic enzyme in human has a variety of genetic mutations, and plays an important role in the fields of medicine and disease diagnosis, which has become one of research hotspots.

Objective:To comprehensively analyze the situation of OTC sold by online pharmacies and put forward some corre-sponding countermeasures so as to provide reference for online pharmacies selling OTC drugs. Methods:The SWOT method was used to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunity and challenges of online pharmacies selling OTC drugs and a conclusion was ob-tained. Results:The share of OTC drugs sold by online pharmacies was gradually raised, and online pharmacies are becoming the main force of the whole pharmacies. Although online pharmacies quickly seized the OTC drugs market, while the development is facing the complex market environment and unprecedented challenges. Conclusion: Although online pharmacies have some difficulties, but the sale of non-prescription drugs online pharmacies can use the traditional marketing theory and the combination of modern business model to find a strategy belonging to the development of the industry, it will be a tendency that more and more consumers buy the OTC in the online pharmacies.

Objective:To analyze one case of unreasonable drug use to promote reasonable drug use in clinics. Methods: The treatment regimen with irrational drug use for one case of type 2 diabetes with complicated urinary tract infection were analyzed, and the reasons for the irrationality were summarized and some suggestions for avoiding unreasonable drug use were put forward. Results:The choice of moxifloxacin in the initial treatment was irrational, and no combination indications were shown. Clinical pharmacists partici-pated in the ward rounds and timely communicated with the clinicians to correct the drug use. Conclusion:Due to the drug resistance, pharmacokinetic characteristics and adverse reactions, moxifloxacin is unsuitable for the anti-infection treatment of complicated urinary tract infection. Clinical pharmacists should provide individualized treatment for patients to improve the effectiveness of drug therapy.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with red light therapy on diabetic peripheral neuropathy ( DPN) . Methods:Totally 90 patients with DPN were numbered and divided into three groups accord-ing to the admission time: the control group, the fumigation group, the combined treatment group with 30 ones in each. The three groups were performed blood glucose control to keep blood sugar stable. The control group was given the conventional nerve nutrition drugs, the fumigation group was given traditional Chinese medicine fumigation additionally, and the combined treatment group was giv-en herbal fumigation combined with red light treatment additionally. After the 2-week treatment, the clinical symptom scores and the conduction velocity improvement of motor nerve and sensory nerve were compared among the three groups in order to evaluate the clini-cal efficacy. Results:The clinical symptom scores clinical efficacuy and the conduction velocity improvement of motor nerve and senso-ry nerve in the fumigation group and the combined treatment group were all better than those in the control group with significant differ-ences (P<0. 05), and the clinical symptom scores in the combined treatment group were better than those in the fumigation group (P<0. 05), while as for the clinical total efficay and the nerve conduction velocity, the combined treatment group showed no significant difference with the fumigation group (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Fumigation combined with red light in the treatment of diabetic periph-eral neuropathy shows notable efficacy with improved symptoms and nerve conduction velocity, which is worthy of promotion.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of probiotics adjuvant therapy and influence on inflammation in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods:Totally 102 patients with T2DM were divided into probiotics group (n=53) and the control group (n=49)according to the odd-even admission number. The control group received metformin tablets of 0. 5g,po,tid,pro-bioties group received bifid triple viable capsules of 0. 42g,po,tid additionally, and the treatment course was 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the levels of fructosamine(FMN), fasting bloodglucose(FBG),HbA1c,and the serum levels of TNF-αand adiponectin were determined, and the adverse reactions were recorded. Results:After the treatment, the levels of FMN, FBG, HbA1c and TNF-αof the two groups were significantly decreased than before, and adiponectin was significantly increased than before (P<0. 05); com-pared with those of the control group, the indicators mentioned above were improved more greatly in probiotic group (P<0. 05). There were no obvious adverse reactions appeared in both groups. Conclusion:Probiotics is beneficial to glycemic control, and the mecha-nism is related to reducing inflammation.