The results of previous studies showed potential correlations between the penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and the drug properties of traditional Chinese medicine based on the data mining method. As chemical composition is the material basis of drug properties of traditional Chinese medicine, this article further analyzed the correlation between the chemical composition of essential oils and the drug properties. Firstly, essential oils were extracted by steam distillation, and then physicochemical parameters of essential oils, such as relative density and refractive index, were measured. The chemical components of 20 essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS, and divided into 12 categories according to skeleton features and functional groups. Finally, Logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal the correlations. The results proved that five flavors, four tastes and channel tropisms showed the correlation with chemical composition of essential oils (P<0.05). In conclusion, there were obvious correlations and regularity between the drug properties of traditional Chinese medicine and the chemical composition of essential oils.

To compare the main nucleosides in Cordyceps genus herbs (C. sinensis, C. millitaris, Hirsutella sinensis and C. sobolifera), an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of uridine, inosine, guanosine, adenosine and cordycepine in Cordyceps genus herbs was developed. The sample was extracted with 0.5% phosphoric acid solution to prepare test solution. The separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-Aq (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) column with gradient elution by 0.04 mol•L⁻¹ potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and acetonitrile, column temperature 30 ℃,flow rate 0.8 mL•min⁻¹,and detection wavelength 260 nm. The content of nucleosides in four Cordyceps genus herbs was evaluated by fingerprint analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The calibration curves of five nucleosides showed good linear regression (r>0.99) and the average recoveries were between 95.0% and 105.0%. The contents of the five nucleosides in the four Cordyceps genus herbs were different and could be obviously distinguished by HCA. The fingerprint analysis result showed that the similarity between C. sinensis and the others was less than 0.9. The method was accurate and reliable, which can be used for quality control of Cordyceps genus herbs.

An HPLC-ELSD method with good specificity and good accuracy was used for the studies of fingerprint and quantification of multi-components for cattle bile powder. The chromatographic analysis was carried out on a Phenomenex Gemini C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a column temperature of 40 ℃ and a liquid flow-rate of 1.0 mL•min⁻¹ using 10 mmol ammonium acetate solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a linear gradient. An ELSD was used with a nitrogen flow-rate of 2.8 L•h⁻¹, at a drift tube temperature of 110 ℃. The average contents of glycocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid were (25.2±17.0)%, (4.1±3.4)%, (24.5±20.0)% and (5.2±3.8)% respectively, and the total content of the four bile acids was (59.0±26.0)%. Beyond that, the preprocessing and pattern recognition analysis of the chromatographic fingerprints of samples were applied with chemometric method. The results of this chemometric analysis indicated that the samples from market and self-made samples were different signally, and four regions were noteworthy due to their great impact with poor chromatographic signal. All in one, because this HPLC-ELSD method was simple and accurate, it was suitable for the quality assessment and quality control of cattle bile powder and could be the technological base for its standard perfection.

The violanthin, a specific component, was separated and identified from the stems of Dendrobium officinale by chromatographic technique and spectroscopic method for the first time. The microscopic characteristics of D. officinale powder were examined under a microscopy and described. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was used for qualitative analysis of the violanthin from D. officinale stems with a mixture of ethyl acetate, butanone, formic acid and water (4∶3∶1∶1) as the developing solvent on high performance silica gel precoated plate (SGF254) and using aluminium trichloride as a chromagenic agent. The results showed significant characteristics of violanthin from D. officinale stems on TLC, with certain specificity, and could be used to distinguish it from other easily confusing processed medicinal stems of D. devonianum, D. gratiosissimum and D. aphyllum. The content of naringenin, an active ingredient in D. officinale stems was determined by HPLC analysis on a Bischoff Chromatography HIPAK NC-04 ODS AB column (4.4 mm×250 mm, 5 mm) with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The wavelength was set at 226 nm and column temperature was 25 ℃. The HPLC method showed good linearity within the range of 3.90-250.00 g•mL⁻¹ (r = 0.999 9) for naringenin. The average recovery of naringenin was 99.20% with 0.17% of RSD. The mass fraction of 20 batches of D. officinale stems was between 0.190 and 0.498 mg•g⁻¹. The established qualitative and quantitative method was simple and rapid with good repeatability and accuracy, providing experimental basis for improving the quality standard of D. officinale, with a very important significance to ensure its quality and clinical effect.

The antithrombotic effect of Caragana jubata (Pall.)Poir.ethanolic extract (TE)was evaluated by inferior vena cava thrombosis in rats and acute pulmonary thrombosis in mice. To search for the bioactive fractions of TE, comparison on acute pulmonary thrombosis was made between the two main fractions of TE (TE-1 and TE-2). Besides, pharmacological effects of TE, TE-1 and TE-2 on bleeding time and clotting time were also studied. Reference substances combined with UPLC/DAD-q-TOF-MS were applied to identify the main six compounds and other chemical constituents of the TE. The results showed that TE could significantly reduce the rat thrombosis weight in all doses (P<0.01) and improve the protective rate to mice in medium and high doses (P<0.05). TE-2 showed a stronger effect on protecting the mice from paralysis or death and prolonging the bleeding time and clotting time than TE-1. Chemical constituents in TE mainly include isoflavones, pterocarpans and stilbenoids. Constituents in TE-2 were mainly isoflavones and pterocarpans, while those in TE-1 were mainly stilbenoids, which could be inferred that all of these three kinds of constituents may be responsible for the antithrombotic effects of Caragana jubata.

Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reverse phase (C-18) column chromatography were used for the research of chemical constituents occurred in Arisaema flavum(Forsk.) Schott. The structures were elucidated by comparison physico-chemical properties and NMR spectroscopic data with those of known compounds. Seventeen cerebrosides were identified as 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2'(R)-acetoxyoctadecanoyl)amido]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (1), 2'-O-acetylsoyacerebroside I (2), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 13Z)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-1, 3-dihydroxy-4, 13-docosadiene (3), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-heptadecadiene (4), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene (5), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxypalmitoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene (6), (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoyl]amino-9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene (7), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (8), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxypentadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (9), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (10), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8Z)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (11), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxyoctadecanoylamino]-1, 3-hydroxy-4, 8-octadecadiene (12), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4E)-2-[(R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-1, 3-hydroxy-4-hexadecane (13), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3R, 4R, 8Z)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl]-8-(Z)-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (14), 1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(2S, 3S, 4E, 8E)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl]-4-(E), 8-(Z)-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (15), typhoniside A (16), and 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxypalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1, 3-diol (17). Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the plant for the first time, while the remained compounds were isolated from the genus Arisaema for the first time.

To investigate the chemical constituents from Barringtonia racemosa, twelve compounds were isolated by chromatography methods and identified as 3β-p-E-coumaroymaslinic acid (1), cis-careaborin (2), careaborin (3), maslinic acid (4), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid (5), 3β-p-Z-coumaroylcorosolic acid (6), corosolic acid (7), 1α, 2α, 3β, 19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 19α-hydroxyl ursolic acid (9), 3α, 19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid (10), tormentic acid (11), 3-hydroxy-7, 22-dien-ergosterol（12） by the NMR and MS data analysis. Among them, compounds 1-4,7-12 were obtained from the genus Barringtonia for the first time. All the compounds didn't show nocytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines (IC₅₀>50 mg•L⁻¹).

In this paper, the chemical composition of ethyl acetate parts of seed melon were studied by using ethanol re-flux method, extraction method, and isolated by column chromatography oversilica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structures of the separated compounds were identified by physical-chemical methods and spectral data such as MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, etc. 12 compounds were got from the plant including one new compound, 4-hydroxymet-hyl-2-methoxyphenyl 1-O-β-D-[6'-O-(4″-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside] (1) and 11 known compounds, uracil (2), thymine (3), 2'-deoxyuridine (4), 7,8-dimethylalloxazine (5), indole-3-carboxylic acid (6), β-adenosine (7), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8), p-coumaric acid (9), cucumegastigmanesⅠ (10), 3'-methoxyl-quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) and 3,3'-dimethyloxy-4,4'-dihydroxy-9,9'-monoepoxy lignan (12).

Sodium aescinate, which is produced from saponins of Chinese Buckeye Seed, is a prescription drug for treatment of brain edema and all kinds of swellings caused by surgery. In this article, high-performance liquid chromatography/ion trap (HPLC-IT) mass spectrometry was applied to study the characteristic ions of ten reference substances, namely escin Ⅰa, escin Ⅰb, isoescin Ⅰa, isoescin Ⅰb, aesculiside A, aesculiside B, aesculuside A, escin Ⅳc, escinⅡa and escin Ⅴ, which were isolated from aescinate. Furthermore, 19 saponin compounds were predicted in sodium aescinate, besides the above mentioned reference substances. The study showed that sapogenins in sodium aescinate had two structural types, namely protoaescigenin and barringenol C, and the substituent acetyl, tigloyl or angeloyl was usually located at C-21, C-22 or C-28 position. Among these predicted saponins, their sugar chains were all located at C-3 position consisting of glucose and glucuronide. This study provides experimental data for chemical constituents in sodium aescinate and scientific basis for quality and safety evaluation.

To prepare pellets of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Angelica Sinensis Radix by using the ionic crosslinking method, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were used as the index to investigate the multiple factors which may impact the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Box-Behnken design and response surface analysis method were then taken to optimize the prescription of pellets and study the coating technology. Through the study on the release of pellets in vitro, an optimal coating technology and prescription of colon-specific pellets of Angelica Sinensis Radix SFE were selected and their colon targeting was evaluated. The optimal preparation parameters of pellets were determined as follows： 3% pectin; 4∶1 for pectin/lecithin; 4∶5 for pectin/SFE of Angelica Sinensis Radix; 4% zinc acetate solution as crosslinking agent, blending temperature 35 ℃, crosslinking temperature 35 ℃, crosslinking time 30 min; coating technology： coating material Eudragit FS 30D, 1.5% triethyl citrate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate（tween-80）, 1.2% monostearin and 15% coating weight gained. The colon-specific pellets of Angelica Sinensis Radix SFE prepared with optimized conditions were almost not released in simulated gastric fluid in 2 h, released less than 20% in simulated intestine fluid in 4 h, and released more than 90% in simulated colon fluid in 6 h, indicating that the colon-specific pellets of Angelica Sinensis Radix SFE had an excellent colon targeting property.