Rosa roxburghii, a kind of the medical and edible plants belonging to the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed in the southwest districts of China, especially Guizhou province. Now, by reason of the extensive bioactivities, the plant is widely used in the field of food, health product, drug, and so on. In the course of our continuing search for the bioactive constituents, thirteen compounds were isolated from R. roxburghii, and their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical property, spectroscopic data and comparison with the literatures, as 2-oxo pomolic acid(1), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid(2), euscaphic acid(3), arjunic acid(4), tormentic acid(5), kaiiichigeside F1(6), rosamultin(7), arjunetin(8), 2ɑ, 3ɑ, 19ɑ-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), 2α, 3α, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(10), pyrogallic acid (11), daucosterol(12), and 1, 2-decanediol(13). Compounds 9 and 10 were firstly obtained from Rosaceae family, and compounds 1,4,5,9-11,13 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

The chemical constituents were separated and purified from the 70% ethanol extract of Smilax trinervulaby various chromatographic methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI and preparative HPLC. Their structures were obtained and identified by analysis of the spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-11 were separated from this genus for the first time. Compound 12 was obtained from S. trinervula for the first time.

The presentstudy is to investigate the chemical constituents of needles of Taxus canadensis. The constituent was isolated by various chromatographic methods, and the chemical structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. A new biflavone was isolated and identified as 3"'-hydroxy-4"', 7-dimethylamentoflavone.

Response surface methodology was used to optimize and obtain the optimal flash-type extraction technology of alisol B 23-acetate from Alismatis Rhizoma. With the extraction rate of alisol B 23-acetate as an indicator, single-factor test was used to investigate the effect of ethanol volume fraction, liquid-solid ratio, extraction times and extracting time on the extraction rate of alisol B 23-acetate.The results were combined with Box-Benhnken design and response surface analysis to optimize the technology parameters for extraction process of Alismatis Rhizoma and obtain the optimal flash-type extraction technology under the following conditions： ethanol volume fraction 80%, liquid-solid ratio 12∶1, extraction 4 times, 114 s/time. Flash-type extraction technology of alisol B 23-acetate by response surface methodology is stable, time-saving, efficient, and with the advantages of room temperature extraction and no component damage, so it can be used for massive production.

In this study, solid dispersion system of magnolol in croscarmellose sodium was prepared by using the solvent evaporation method, in order to increase the drug dissolution. And its dissolution behavior, stability and physical characteristics were studied. The solid dispersion was prepared with magnolol and croscarmellose sodium, with the proportion of 1∶5, the in vitro dissolution of magnolol solid dispersion was up to 80.66% at 120 min, which was 6.9 times of magnolol. The results of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), IR (infra-red) spectrum and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) showed that magnolol existed in solid dispersion in an amorphous form. After an accelerated stability test for six months, the drug dissolution and content in magnolol solid dispersion showed no significant change. So the solid dispersion prepared with croscarmellose sodium as the carrier can remarkably improve the stability and dissolution of magnolol.

HPLC was used to analyze the chromatographic fingerprints and determine the contents of tanshinol, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, and salvianolic acid C in Danshen injection from 10 different manufacturers. The significant differences of phenolic compounds in Danshen injection from ten manufacturers were investigated by using F test. The results showed that the similarity degree of Danshen injection from ten manufacturers was above 0.9 and there was significant difference in mass fraction of phenolic compounds between the samples from different manufacturers. The analysis of mass fraction of effective phenolic components and their structural ratios in Danshen injection from the different manufacturers showed significant differences, indicating that the Danshen injection available in market had different curative effects and with significant differences in structural ratios.

To establish a fast detection method during the purifying process of the extracts from Grardeniae using macroporous resin based on near infrared spectroscopy. First, the ethanol eluent was collected from the purification process of small size sample; and near infrared (NIR) spectrum was collected. Then the content of the geniposide was determined by HPLC method, and partial least squares (PLS) method was used to establish the quantitative model to predict the content of geniposide by NIR spectrum. This model was used to supervise the changes of geniposide concentrations in ethanol eluent during medium scale process. Experimental results showed that the NIR small scale model can accurately predict the concentrations of geniposide in the production process of medium scale. However, with the proceeding of batch processes, the prediction performance of the model was decreased, so model updating method was employed to maintain the model. After twice updates, the NIR quantitative model can accurately predict the concentrations of the geniposide during medium scale process. Therefore, through model updates, the established NIR quantitative model can be applied in different scales of macroporous resin purification processes, to improve the data utilization efficiency of small scale process and save the cost of rebuilding the quantitative model of medium scale.

To establish the fingerprints of Xiasangju granules (with sugar and non-sugar forms) by HPLC, and provide reference for their identification and effective quality control. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to collect the fingerprints of 20 batches of non-sugar Xiasangju granules and 34 batches of sugar type Xiasangju granules. Their main different components were classified and screened by mode identification methods (principal component analysis, PCA, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis, OPLS-DA). The principal components were identified by comparing with reference standards. The fingerprints of Xiasangju granules (sugar type and non-sugar type) were established. PCA could not fully classify the two types of granules, while OPLS-DA could obviously classify these two different types of Xiasangju granules. Six components showed greatest difference between two types of granules, including salviaflaside, luteoloside and linarin. The developed mode identification method is helpful to control the overall quality of Xiasangju granules, and it provides an effective approach to quality evaluation.

The techniques and methods of molecular biology have been widely applied in pharmacognosy fields. International development trends of pharmacognosy studies on molecular level were analyzed by bibliometric methods using the SCIE database on Web of Science, the literature distribution, national distribution, agency distribution, periodicals distribution, and hot research topics were described using multivariate statistical analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis method,etc. The number of international pharmacognosy literature on molecular level is increasing year by year. USA, China and Japan have close cooperation, and focus on molecular identification and genetic diversity. Chinese scientists issued high-impact factor journals papers and high citations amount in the international forefront. The international pharmacognosy research on molecular level has developed rapidly. Chinese research has a significant influence.The molecular mechanism of the formation of Dao-di Herbs may become the next hotspot.

Isaria farinosa is the pathogen of the host of Ophiocordyceps sinensis. The present research has analyzed the progress on the molecular biology according to the bibliometrics, the sequences (including the gene sequences) of I. farinosa in the NCBI. The results indicated that different country had published different number of the papers, and had landed different kinds and different number of the sequences (including the gene sequences). China had published the most number of the papers, and had landed the most number of the sequences (including the gene sequences). America had landed the most numbers of the function genes. The main content about the pathogen study was focus on the biological controlling. The main content about the molecular study concentrated on the phylogenies classification. In recent years some protease genes and chitinase genes had been researched. With the increase of the effect on the healthy of O. sinensis, and the whole sequence and more and more pharmacological activities of I. farinosa being made known to the public, the study on the molecular biology of the I. farinosa would be deeper and wider.