Objective To study the expression of CD44v6 in non-small-celt lung cancer and significance in judgement of prognosis.Methods CD44v6 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer tissues was detected in 62 patients with lung cancer operation in 1995-2002 year by immunohistohemistry method.Results The positive rate of CD44v6 in NSCLC was 61.3%,which was related to lymph node metastasis and 3-year survival rate in patients,but not to cell differentiation,pathological sort and TNM stage.Conclusion The positive expression of CD44v6 may be involved in lymph node metastasis and survival rate in NSCLC patients.It might be useful to evaluate the possibility of cancer metastasis and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of later course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with chemotherapy for stage Ⅲ and ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods 116 patients with stage Ⅲand Ⅳ s nasopharyngeat carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups: the conventional fractionation radiotherapy(CFR, 38 cases), the concurrent radiochemotherapy group(CCRT, 39 cases) and the later course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy group (LCAF+CT, 39cases). CFR group was treated with 60Co γ rays and X rays. When the patients had received the dose of 36～38 Gy through composite faciocervical fields, changed into preauricular fields, the total dose was 70 ～75 Gy.And the total dose of cervical metastasis lymph nodes were 70～80 Gy. CCRT group was treated with DDP and 5-Fu. LCAF+CT group was treated with accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy. When the dose of composite faciocervical fields had reached 36～38 Gy, changed the fields and treated with accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy, 1.3 Gy/fraction, twice daily. The total dose was 69.8～75 Gy. And the chemotherapy drugs was similar to CCRT group. Results The positive response rate among LCAF+CT, CCRT and CFR groups were 94.9 %, 89.7 %, 76.3 % respectively. The complete response rate in the nasopharyn of LCAF+CT group was higher than CFR group(P ＜0.05). The local control rates of one, two and three year of three groups were 100 %, 97.4 %, 89.5 %, 94.9 %, 84.6 %, 68.4 % and 89.7 %, 74.4 %, 57.9 %respectively; and the survival rates of one, two and three year of three groups were 100 %, 92.3 %, 84.2 %;89.7 %, 84.6 %, 71.0 % and 79.5%, 76.9 %, 57.9 % respectively. There were obvious difference between LCAF+CT and CCRT groups in local control rate and survival rate. But there were no difference between LCAF+CT group and CCRTgroup, and also between CCRT group and CFR group. Conclusion The later course accelerated hyperfraetionated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy can promote disappearance of primary lesion and improve the local control rate and survival rate of patients with stage Ⅲand ⅣA nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To detect the levels of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines of peripheral CD+4 T lymphocytes in patients with colonic cancer in order to find out the significance of variance of imbalance in clinical therapy.Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by stimulator in order to enhance the expression of cytokines.Then a specific fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibody was added to be combined with its specific antigen.Cytokines were detected by flow cytometry.Results The levels of Th1 type cytokines such as interferon-γ/(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)were significantly lower in patients of colonic cancer than those of normal controls.The levels of Th2 type cytokines such as interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10)were higher in patients of colonic cancer than those of normal controls.Conclusion Th1/Th2 shihs in colonic cancer.It is suggested that the levels of INF-γ/IL-4 in colonic cancer may provide clinical index for the prognosis and evaluation of immunity.

Adriamycin is an effective and broad-spectrum anthracycline antineoplastic agent.However,long-term therapy with adriamycin is associated with a high incidence of cumulative and irreversible cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms about adriamycin-induced cardiotoxieity are complicated, including oxidative stress,mitochondrionopathy,cardiac apoptosis,and so on.For the past few years,a series of measures aye used,which attenuate the cardiotoxicity and uninfluence the antitumor effects.The review focuses on the mechanism and prevention of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in order to improve the long term survival rate of neoplastic patient.

Neuron-specific enolase characteristically resided in neurons and neuroendocrine cells.Nowadays neuron-specific enolase,as a tumor marker,plays an increasingly significant role in the prevention and treatment of tumors of the nervous system and neuroendocrine tumors.This review intends to give an overview about it.

Objective To investigate the expression of COX-2 and angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma tissue.Methods The expressions of COX-2 and MVD of 88 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 20cases of control tissue were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with normal control,positive expression rates of COX-2(3/20 vs 64/88),and CD34(7/20 vs 74/88)of colorectal carcinoma tissue increased significantly(P＜0.05).MVD in COX-2 positive expressed tissue(63.24-20.4)was higher than that in COX-2 negative expressed tissue(41.2±29.8)(P＜0.01).Conclusion COX-2 is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma tissue,which may have a strong relationship with MVD.

Objective To study the expressive changes of RAR-β gene in cervical carcinogenesis and analyze the relation between this differentiated expression and methylation, and discuss the clinical significance of this differentiated expression.Methods RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of RAR-β in 4 cervical eancer cell lines,38 eases of cevical invasive carcinomatous tissues,30 cases of cevical intraepithelial neoplasia,and 10 cases of normal cervical tissues.Using Western Blot method to detect the expression of RAR-β protein quantificationally, analyze the RAR-β gene expressive difference in protein level.Using the methylation-*specific PCR methods to analyze the RAR-β methylation state in cell lines and tissues.Meanwhile analyze the relationship between the RAR-β gene expression and the clinical pathological parameters.Resuits The expression of RAR-β gene was deleted or deereaseed in cervieal cancer celllines,cevical intraepithelial neoplasia and cevical carcinoma,which was significantly difierent from normal tissues(P＜0.05).The same results was found in the protein expression.The methylation in RAR-β gene first exon was detected in 3 types of cell lines,11 cases of carcinoma,1 case of CIN Ⅰ and 5 cases of CIN Ⅱ～Ⅲ.while the RAR-β gene expression was decreased in those cell lines and tissues.There was significant differenee of RAR-β gene methylation in different pathological grades (P=0.037).There was no statistical significant difference of clinical stages(P≈1.000)and the metastasis of lymph node(P≈1.000).Conclusion The defective expression of RAR-β gene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer.The abnormal methylation of promoter region was the main cause of defective expression of RAR-β gene.

Objective To contrast the efficacy of mechanical stapler and hand suture for cervical esophagogastrostomy in the treatment of esophayeal cancer.Methods From January 2001 to August 2007,217 cases of cervical esophagogastrostomy were done in esophageal carcinoma.Among them.136 cases were treated by mechanical stapler and 81 cases by hand.Results The incidence of anastomotic fistula was 2.2%(3/136)in mechanical stapler group and 11.1%(9/81)in the group by hand.There was significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.95).The incidence of cervical incision infection was 2.9%(4/136)in mechanical stapler group and 14.8%(12/81)in the group by hand.There was significant difference between these two groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between these two groups about pulmonary infection,arrhythmia,chylothorax and laryngeal nerve injury.Conclusion The incidence of anastomotic fistula and cervical incision infection was reduced by mechanical stapler which was displayed to advantage in esophagogastrostomy.

A platinum-based doublet with a third-generation agent represents the standard first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with good performance status (PS). Traditional chemotherapy provides response rates of 20 %-40 % and a median survival of 8-10 months. In an attempt to improve its outcome, alternative schedules have been proposed, namely sequential, alternating, and maintenance therapy. Sequential chemotherapy with a platinum-based doublet followed by a single agent is feasible in patients with good PS; The use of sequential single agents is an option for elderly and frail patients unsuitable for a platinum-based combination. Based on trials published so far, it is unlikely that an alternating chemotherapy strategy will be proved superior to standard chemotherapy in patients with good PS.Consolidation chemotherapy may provide additional benefit for patients achieving disease control after standard first-line chemotherapy.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. More than 50 % of advanced NSCLC are diagnosed in patients older than age 65 years. Aging is inextricably associated with decreases in marrow reserve, drug clearance, and lean body mass. Elderly cancer patients often present with medical and physiologic challenges that make the selection of their optimal treatment daunting. This article reviews the progress in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the elderly in recent years.