PURPOSE: This paper is a report of the results of a literature review conducted with the goal of identifying the nursing process components: assessment, diagnoses, interventions and outcomes related to health promotion in adults with hypertension in primary settings. METHODS: A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PantherCat Online Catalogue of UWM database, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database, and Social Services Abstracts was conducted to retrieve literature published from 1988 to 2006. RESULTS: A total of 115 articles were reviewed. Overall, 70 relevant studies were selected on health promotion in adults with hypertension in primary settings. A total of 39 nursing process components (nursing diagnoses outcomes and interventions) related to health promotion with adults with high blood pressure were identified in primary healthcare settings. CONCLUSIONS: Research-based evidence material provides an evidence-based nursing practice guideline with specific nursing process components on the topic. The evidence-based nursing practice guideline developed from this referential study for promoting health of adults with hypertension should be reflected in nursing practice in primary healthcare settings. For a future study, focus groups and key informant interview are recommended with nurses who actually provide nursing services in primary healthcare settings to clients who are diagnosed with high blood pressure.
Adult ; Evidence-Based Nursing ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Focus Groups ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Services ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Primary Health Care ; Social Work

PURPOSE: This paper is a report of a study of the effects of breastfeeding education on the breastfeeding success and breastfeeding characteristics of mothers in a Turkish context. METHODS: The research was designed as quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 93 mothers who participated in (n = 46) and did not participate in childbirth education classes (n = 47). The date was collected between 2005 and 2007. The childbirth education class comprised 16 hours in total. Two hours of this class involved breastfeeding education. The course was carried out with the principles of adult education principles. Data on mothers' breastfeeding were collected in the sixth week postpartum. RESULTS: The majority of the mothers (63.4%) were university graduates. No difference was found between breastfeeding frequency in the control and experimental groups and starting supplemental food. It was found that 80.4% of the women in the experimental group breastfed in line with the techniques. This rate was found to be 48.9% in the control group. It was documented that the first breastfeeding times were earlier in the experimental group, their babies slept longer after being fed, their perceived spouse support was higher, and had even higher perceived breastfeeding success. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the study results it could be argued that attending childbirth preparation class with the husband has a positive effect over breastfeeding. Childbirth education classes will greatly contribute to the health of the society by affecting breastfeeding positively.
Adult ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Spouses ; Turkey

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to further understand the health promotion behaviors of Korean goose mothers in the North America area. Health promotion behaviors measured in this study were self-actualization, health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, and stress management. METHODS: The study is part of a larger study which used surveys (N=140) and in-person interviews (n=18). In this study, analysis of survey results is presented. Advertisements and snowballing technique were used to recruit study participants. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the relationships between health promotion and social support, acculturation attitudes, and perceived family health. Multiple regressions were used to examine the predictors of health promotion behaviors. RESULTS: Women in the study were most frequently engaging in self-actualization and least in physical activity. Physical activity did not correlate with any of the study variables. When multiple regressions were performed, the model for each health promotion behavior was found to be statistically significant except for that of physical activity. Overall, study variables worked differently across models. Social support predicted self-actualization, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, and stress management. None of the acculturation attitudes predicted health promotion behaviors. The subdimensions of perceived family health predicted health promotion behaviors except physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study contributed to the body of knowledge of health promotion among international migrant populations by identifying the differential effects of social support, acculturation attitudes, and perceived family health for six areas of health promotion.
Acculturation ; Emigration and Immigration ; Family Health ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mothers ; Motor Activity ; North America ; Transients and Migrants ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: To examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the adapted Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (a-IIRS). The a-IIRS is a modified version of the original IIRS that measures illness-disruptions to daily life in patients with diverse diagnoses. While the psychometric properties of the original IIRS have been validated, no study has been conducted to validate the Korean version of a-IIRS. METHODS: After translation and back-translation processes, the Korean version of a-IIRS was developed. A pilot test was conducted with 10 patients with chronic diseases. A convenience sample of 380 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and/or arthritis was used. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, known-group technique, hypothesized relationships, internal consistency, and item analysis were tested. RESULTS: Three factors were extracted from principal components analysis with varimax rotation: Relationships and Personal Development, Instrumental Life, and Intimacy. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the good fit of the three-factor model. Illness intrusiveness was significantly different among the study subjects categorized into three groups according to different health status: poor, fair and good. The instrument was positively correlated with the scales of fatigue and depression. The tool demonstrated high internal consistency with adequate item-total correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with previous study results on IIRS and support the reliability and validity of the Korean version of a-IIRS. The instrument is culturally relevant for Korean patients with chronic diseases. Health care professionals need to consider illness intrusiveness when caring for patients with chronic diseases and promote their quality of life.
Arthritis ; Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of lung cancer patients, their families, physicians and nurses on advance directives. METHODS: The study employed a comparative descriptive design. A total of 124 participants from six general hospitals in Seoul and metropolitan area participated in this study from January 1, 2009 to November 15, 2009. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of participants were not aware of advance directives. Most participants desired the establishment of a reliable legal system and a specific legal protocol for the design and application of advance directives. The perspectives of patients, their families, physicians and nurses differed regarding end-of-life care decisions. The least preferred treatment by patients with lung cancer was intensive care, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, tracheotomy and artificial ventilation, and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: There were many differences in the perspectives of patients, families, physicians and nurses on advance directives. End-of-life care decisions should take the wishes of patients into account, and that such decisions should therefore be made before the patients lose the capacity to make them. To make well-informed decisions regarding future care, patients and families must be fully educated about advance directives and expected outcomes.
Advance Directives ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Lung Neoplasms ; Tracheotomy ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: To examine and describe perceived health status and depression symptoms among Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) survivors, and to examine their relationship during survivors' recovery phase. METHODS: A prospective design was used to test changeability of the key variables over a 1-month period for a cohort group of 82 post ACS patients, prior to their hospital discharge (Time 1) and at 4 weeks post discharge (Time 2). The revised version of Short Form-12 Health Survey and Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure the perceived health status and depression symptoms. The data were collected between 2003 and 2004. RESULTS: Perceived health status including mental health and physical health significantly improved over the 4-week period (t=-2.58, p < .05). Perceived health status during the hospitalization and length of hospital stay were significant predictors of depression symptoms during the early recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' own perceptions about their health status need to be closely evaluated during the hospitalization in order to reduce the occurrences of later depression symptoms. Consequently, reducing depression symptoms and improving perceived health status should be addressed both in acute and chronic phases of ACS.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Cohort Studies ; Depression ; Health Surveys ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mental Health ; Prospective Studies ; Survivors

PURPOSE: The aim of hospice care is to provide the best possible quality of life both for people approaching the end of life and for their families and carers. The Korean government has been implementing a pilot project for hospital hospice services and trying to develop the national hospice system. To assist in the development of the Korean hospice system, the Korean government supported the present study comparing the hospice systems of three countries, United States, Japan, and Taiwan, which currently have a developed hospice system. METHODS: Data from three countries were collected in the following ways: reviewing hospice related literature, searching government documents on the Internet, collecting government hospice data, surveying six hospice institutions in each country, and conducting an international workshop. RESULTS: The hospice system was evaluated by comparing hospice management systems and hospice cost systems. The comparison of the hospice management system included five items of hospice infra structures and four items of hospice services. The hospice cost system included four items: funding source, hospital hospice cost, day care hospice cost, and home hospice cost. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the comparison of three countries, the most interesting thing was that home hospice care accounted for more than 90% of all hospice services in the United States and Taiwan. The results of this study will aid the countries that are in the process of developing a hospice system including Korea, which has been implementing a pilot project only for hospital hospice services.
Caregivers ; Day Care, Medical ; Financial Management ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Internet ; Japan ; Korea ; Pilot Projects ; Quality of Life ; Taiwan ; United States

PURPOSE: Thirst has been reported as an important source of distress for patients on hemodialysis. However, there is no instrument available that assesses thirst distress of Turkish patients on hemodialysis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Thirst Distress Scale (TDS-T) for patients on hemodialysis. METHODS: This study was conducted methodologically. A convenience sample of 142 Turkish patients on hemodialysis participated in this study. Data were collected by using a questionnaire, the TDS-T and a visual analogue scale for thirst intensity. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics, the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, correlation coefficients and psychometric tests. RESULTS: The TDS-T demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = .81), good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .88), and correlations with interdialytic weight gain values and thirst intensity scores (measured by visual analogue scale) indicating concurrent and convergent validity, respectively. Construct validity was supported by known-group comparisons. The results revealed a one-component structure of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the TDS-T were consistent with those reported in the original study. The TDS-T was found to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating thirst distress in patients on hemodialysis.
Humans ; Methods ; Psychometrics ; Renal Dialysis* ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Thirst* ; Turkey ; Weight Gain ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dutch Objective Burden Inventory (DOBI) for the Turkish society. METHODS: This is a descriptive, methodological study. The sample was composed of 230 heart failure patients' caregivers. RESULTS: The DOBI was translated using translation and back-translation. The translated Turkish version was submitted to eight experts who analyzed it for its content validity. Scores from the experts were evaluated using the Kendall W analysis, and no statistically significant difference was found among the scores (Kendall W = .13, p = .338). In the confirmatory factor analysis, factor loading was found to be between 0.75 and 1.00 for all subscales. Thus, the DOBI demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (the components displayed alpha scores from .96 to .99), good test-retest reliability (no statistically significant differences were found, p > .050). CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the DOBI scale is a valid and reliable tool for the Turkish population. It can be used in nursing practices and research.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Caregivers/*psychology ; Female ; Heart Failure/*nursing/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Stress, Psychological ; Turkey

PURPOSE: Clinical competence among nurses is an essential requirement for the provision of safe and effective patient care. This study aims to classify types of professional quality of life experienced by Korean nurses, and examine the relationship between demographic and professional characteristics and clinical competence among nurses experiencing each type. METHODS: A total of 335 nurses completed questionnaires assessing professional quality of life, clinical competence, and demographic and professional characteristics. Following identification of the underlying factors of professional quality of life, we classified participants into three clusters. RESULTS: There were significant differences in age, marital status, religion, educational status, and position between clusters. Results also revealed that nurses with high compassion satisfaction and low compassion fatigue (burnout, secondary traumatic stress) tended to have higher clinical competence. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that it is possible to directly examine the relationship between professional quality of life level and clinical competence among nurses. Thus, interventions to increase nurses' compassion satisfaction and relieve compassion fatigue are needed, as professional quality of life may affect clinical competence.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Clinical Competence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nurses/*psychology ; *Quality of Life ; Republic of Korea ; *Stress, Psychological ; Young Adult