Objective The regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene expression and enzyme activity by corticosterone, the main glucocorticoid in rat, during rat liver regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy (PH) was evaluated.Methods Bilateral adrenaleetomies (ADX) and sham-ADX were performed on ether-anesthetized rats 3 days before PH.Corticosterone in sesame oil was injected subcutaneously to adrenalectomied rats. ODC mRNA, ODC protein and enzyme activity were detected by RT-PCR, Western blotting and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Results The ODC mRNA levels, protein accumulation and enzyme activity were lower in the intact liver compared to the regenerating liver.After PH, mRNA levels were remarkably enhanced in all groups (n=6 in each group) and peaked at 5 hours post-PH. Till 7 hours, the contents in all groups from high to low were ADX group,control group (Sham-ADX group), ADX treated with 10mg/kg and 40mg/kg body weight corticosterone group, respectively. ODC protein accumulation in ADX rats was higher than that in control rats (n=13, the same below), but it decreasod in corticosterone-treated (10mg/kg) rats until 24 hours post-PH, with a strong decline seen in 40mg/kg corticosterone-treated rats. ODC activity was rapidly promoted, and the highest levels were observed at 6 hours after PH in all groups (n=6 in each group). After corticosterone treatment, the activities declined significantly at 6 hours post-PH, with the lowest value found in the 40mg/kg group. Conclusion Corticosterone treatment results in dose-dependent decreases in ODC mRNA and enzyme protein both in the intact liver and the regenerating liver. The change in ODC activity is partially related to alterations of ODC mRNA and protein accumulation.

Objective Hes5 is one of the critical effectors of the Notch pathway and its expression Call inhibit neuronal differentiation.Which protein expression is influenced in cell differentiation by HeS5 remains to be determined.Methods Experiments were designed to study changes in protein expression in the subventricular zone(SVZ)of the HesS knockout mice at the postnatal day 8 using the new method of proteomic isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(ITRAQ),and confirmed expression of the up-gnlated and down-regulated proteins by Western blotting.Results Nineteen proteins showed differences in expression levels in the SVZ of Hes5 knockout mice.When compared tO the wild type mice,expressions of 11 proteins in the knockout mice were up-regulated,and the differentially expressed proteins showed ratios of knockout/widtype between 1.20 and 1.32.Expressions of 9 proteins were down-regulated,with their ratios were between 0.77 and 0.83.The upregulated proteins have been shown to be involved in neurogenesis,cell adhesion,migration and signal transduction.The downregulated proteins have been mainly shown to be involved in growth inhibition and cytoskeleton.Westem bloning analysis further confirmed the expression of proteins from iTRAQ.Conclusion Our findings suggest that Hes5 may influence cell differentiation by regulating expression of some proteins involved in cell growth and migration,and its cytoskeleton.

Objective To explore the effect on immunological roles of peritoneal macrophages caused by murine hepatoma cells with different metastatic ability. Methods Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from mice bearing with different metastatic ascites hepatoma cells.The levels of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) from macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interferon-?(IFN-?) were analyzed,and the cytotoxicity activity of the macrophages was evaluated.In addition,expressions of TFN-? and transforming growth factor-betal(TGF-?1) were measured by sandwich ELISA in the ascites of mice bearing tumors.Then,anti-TGF-?1 antibody was added to the co-culture,and its effect on the expression of NO and cytotoxic ability of peritoneal macrophages examined.Results Compared with those from normal mice,the macrophages from mice bearing ascites hepatoma produced significantly less NO and TNF-? when they were activated with LPS and IFN-?,and the cytotoxic ability also decreased.Both NO expression and the cytotoxic ability of the macrophages from mice with higher mestastic hepatoma were less than those from mice with lower metastasitic hepatoma,but the level of TNF-? of the former was higher.Moreover,abundant IFN-? and TGF-?1 were detected in the ascites.Although there was no obvious difference in the production of IFN-? between mice with different hepatomas,the level of TGF-?1 was much higher in the mice with higher metastasitic hepatoma.Finally,the blocking with anti-TGF-?1 in the co-culture rescued partly the production of NO of the macrophages.Conclusion Activity and immunological function of macrophages can be decreased by tumor cells via the production of suppressants-like TGF-?1,and the metastatic ability of tumors might be correlated with their ability to secrete immunosuppressants.

14 brains of Globicephala sp.and 3 brains of Neomeries sp.were collectedand fixed with 10% formalin.The brains were examined macroscopically,and the eye muscle nerves were severed,sectioned and stained with Nissl'smethod in order to observe their minute structures.Among 22 trochlear nerves of Globichephala sp.examined,14 cases showedconspicuous detectable ganglion,about 1—2mm in diameter.But none wasfound along the nerves of Neomeris sp.In 9 cases,2 or more roots are revealed.The roots are arranged antero-posteriorly,but turned dorsoventrally a short distance after their emergence.There are 4 cases in which ganglion has been found along the dorsal root.No ganglion is detectable along the oculomotor or abducent nerves eitherin Globicephala sp.or in Neomeris sp.intracranially,however,individualcells were found scattered among the nerves fibers.There are over 40 cellsin a single section of the trochlear ganglion.Sometimes it reaches to morethan 250 cells in a single section.The cells found in the Nissl preparationsare quite uniform in appearance,about 30—40? in diameter.The Nissl bodyis fine and evenly distributed,the cells are capsulated.The result obtainedfrom Cajal's method was poor,probably due to prolonged fixation and tech-nical error.Very few of them are uni- or multipolar in appearance.How-ever,it is not conclusive.No trochlear ganglion was found in Neomeris sp.Apparently trochlearganglion may not be present in every species of cetacea.The nature of trochlear ganglion has been briefly discussed.Furtherstudy is needed in order to prove whether the ganglion is sensory or auto-nomic.

The origin of deep femoral artery and types of its branches in cadaversof 180 Chinese were observed.They were divided into five types.The firsttype has the highest percentage(62.2%);then come the second,third andthe fifth type;the forth type has the least percentage(1.7%).It is found that there are neither local nor age differences in the per-centage of different groups of Chinese.

1. The myocardial bridges on the coronaty arteries of 100 hearts were studied.These formations occur in 66.3?4.76% of the cases and were located as follows: (1) On the left coronary artery: 60.0?4.98% was found on the r. interventri-cularis ant.; 6.1?2.41% on the r. obliquus ventriculi sin.; 1.0?1.00% on the r. ter-minalis; 9.1?2.90% on the r. marginalis. (2) On the right coronary artery: 10.0?3.00% on the r. interventricularis post.;5.0?2.18% on the r. anteriores ventriculi dex.; 3.0?1.71% on the r. marginalis. (3) The rest: 3.1?1.76% on the v. cordis magna; 1.0?1.00% on the v. cordismedia. 2. Microscopic examination of 5 hearts showed that the myocardial bridge is a partof the superficial myocardial layer. 3. The result were discussed with those from other authors.

Lesions in the rignt (?) colliculus were made in 8 albino rats and the efferent projections were studied by Nauta's technique with the following results:Ipsilateral projections: The overwhelming majority of the degenerating fibers runs by way of the inferior quadrigeminal brachium, a small part of which terminating in the reticular nucleus of the lateral tegmentum of the midbrain and the major part of which terminating in the magnocellular and the parvicellular divisions of the medial geniculate body. A smaller nunber of the degenerating fibers terminate via the tecto-pontine tract in the lateral pontine nucleus. A few degenerating fibers terminate in the central gray of the midbrain and the deep stratum of the superior colliculus.Contralateral projections; With the exception of some feed-back fibers all contralateral projections pass through the commissure of the inferior colliculus. The majority of the degenerating fibers terminate in the dorsal region of the contralateral inferior colliculus. A minor part of the degenerating fibers run by way of the inferior quadrigeminal brachium to terminate in the reticular nucleus of the lateral tegmentum of the midbrain.Feed-back fibers: The feed back fibers are derived from the inferior colliculus and descend in the lateral lemniscus. As they reach the level of the superior olivary complex they divid into two parts: One part passes through the pyramidal tract of both side and terminates in the contralateral trapezoid ventral nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus and ventral cochlear nucleus. The other part terminates in the same nuclei ipsilaterally.Based on the observations mentioned above, the impression were obtained that the efferent fibers of the inferior colliculus mostly terminate in the ipsilateral medial geniculate body and the contralateral inferior collicuhs, through the latter impulses may reach the controlateral medial geniculate body indirectly. The inferior colliculus in the albino rat is considered as Woollard et al ('40) put in cat and guinea-pig, "The midbrain auditory nudei subserve very few reflex activities, being almost wholly sensory centres."

Liver specimens from 41 human fetuses of about the 7 th week gestation tonewborn were studied.The liver tissues were fixed in proper fixatives and stainedwith H.E.,Unna's method for RNA,McManus PAS reaction for glycogen,Gomori'sCa-Co method for AlP and Altmann's method for mitochondria.In 7-week old embryo,the liver shows trabeculae of recognizable liver cells andsinusoids only.The ingrowth of connective tissue about the portal vein is observedduring the 8th week.The formation of lobular arrangment in adult liver startsfrom 9～12 weeks.The inter-and intra-lobular bile ducts derived from the peripor-tal limiting plate at the same period.The hepatic cells of the 8th week embryo arrange in plate form.The hepaticplate is plastic and changes in various thickness depending upon the size of theadjacent sinusoids.The cytoplasm of embryonic hepatic cell is rich in RNA,glycogen and mitochon-dria and is weak in AlP activity.However zonation does not appear in liverlobules during fetal life.

Twenty five adult healthy rabbits were used in this study. They were divided into three experimental groups. In the first group, the great part of the left eerebellar hemisphere including the dentate nucleus was sucked out, a stereotaxic lesion of the left dentate nucleus was made, or a small part of the cerebellar cortex of hemisphere was destroyed. In the second group, the great part of the vermis was aspirated, the left fastigial nucleus or the vermal cortex was damaged with the stereotaxie electrolysis. In the third group, the left paraflocculus was sucked out. The animals survived for 3～8 days. The serial frozen transverse sections of the brain stem together with the cerebellum were cut at 25～30 ?m and stained with the Fink-Heimer method. The degenerating fibers in sections were traced under light microscope.The results are as follows:1. The first group: The degenerating fibers from the left dentate nucleus enter into the ipsilateral brachium conjunctivum, some of them emerge from the medial side of the brachium eonjunetivum, then proceed forward and pass through the trigeminal mesencephalie nucleus and end into the ipsilateral nucleus eaeruleus and subcaeruleus. But no degenerating fibers within nucleus caeruleus are observed if a lesion only injured the cerebellar cortex of hemisphere.2. The second group: Except the projection to the cerebellar central nuclei and other regions of the brain stem, some degenerating fibers arising from the vermis (including vermal cortex and fastigial nucleus) ascend up into bilateral nucleus parabrachialis and a few of them enter into the ventral part of the brachium conjunctivum. These degenerating fibers continue forward to the rostral end of the pons and pass through the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus to terminate in locus caeru leus and subcaeruleus.3. The third group: A few degenerating fibers from the paraflocculus terminate in the locus caeruleus.The functional significance of the cerebellocaeruleus projection was discussed.

The arteries of the palmar part of the hand were examined in 50 hands of adult under the operating microscope.The arteries of the hand are arranged at three main levels: the superficial palmar arteries, the deep palmar arteries and the dorsal network. The arterial anastomoses between the levels may be divided into 2 groups: the marginal and the central anastomoses, the former which is situated at the radial and ulnar borders of the palm can be subdivided into superficial and deep groups, the latter is located in the central part of the palm including the direct and indirect anastomostic branches, the proximal and distal perforating branches, and the intermetacarpal perforating branches. The deep arch and its branches, as the center in the total arterial architecture of the palmar part of the hand, closely links with the arteries of the superficial and dorsal ones, playing an important role in regulating the collateral circulation of the hand.The flow formula of the Poiseuille's law indicates that the significant correlation exists between the arterial diameter and the blood flow. For the variety of diameter of each portion of the anastomostic branches, we inferred that the main source of blood flow in the superficial arteries is the ulnar artery and in the deep is the radial artery. The blood within the marginal anastomoses flows from palmar to dorsal, the central mainly from the deep arch and its branches.The dominant parts of the collateral circulation of the hand were found, that is, the deep arch dominantes over the superficial arch and the dorsal network, the central anastomosis over the marginal, the deep branches of the marginal over the superficial branches.The arrangement of the digital arteries has been discussed.