Objective:To explore the quantitative estimation of biomarkers gallic acid and berberine in polyherbal formulation Entoban syrup.
Methods: High performance thin layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the presence of gallic acid and berberine employing toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol 12:9:4:0.5 (v/v/v/v) and ethanol: water: formic acid 90:9:1 (v/v/v), as a mobile phase respectively.
Results:The Rf values (0.58) for gallic acid and (0.76) for berberine in both sample and reference standard were found comparable under UV light at 273 nm and 366 nm respectively. The high performance thin layer chromatography method developed for quantization was simple, accurate and specific.
Conclusions: The present standardization provides specific and accurate tool to develop qualifications for identity, transparency and reproducibility of biomarkers in Entoban syrup.

Background: s/Aims: This trial evaluated whether anti-inflammatory agents hydrocortisone (H) and indomethacin (I) could reduce major complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Between June 2018 and June 2020, 105 patients undergoing PD with > 40% of acini on the intraoperative frozen section were randomized into three groups (35 patients per group): 1) intravenous H 100 mg 8 hourly, 2) rectal I suppository 100 mg 12 hourly, and 3) placebo (P) from postoperative day (POD) 0–2. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was major complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 3–5). Secondary outcomes were overall complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 1–5), Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infections (SSI), length of stay, POD-3 serum amylase, readmission rate, and mortality. Results: Major complications were comparable (8.6%, 5.7%, and 8.6% in groups H, I, and P, respectively). However, overall complications were significantly lower in group H than in group P (45.7% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.006). CR-POPF (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371), PPH (8.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.710), DGE (8.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.188), and SSI (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371) were comparable between groups H and P. Major complications and overall complications in group I were 5.7% and 60.0%, respectively, which were comparable to those in groups P and H. CR-POPF rates in groups H, I, and P were 14.3%, 17.1%, and 25.7%, respectively, which was comparable. Conclusions H and I did not decrease major complications in PD.

Background: s/Aims: This trial evaluated whether anti-inflammatory agents hydrocortisone (H) and indomethacin (I) could reduce major complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Between June 2018 and June 2020, 105 patients undergoing PD with > 40% of acini on the intraoperative frozen section were randomized into three groups (35 patients per group): 1) intravenous H 100 mg 8 hourly, 2) rectal I suppository 100 mg 12 hourly, and 3) placebo (P) from postoperative day (POD) 0–2. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was major complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 3–5). Secondary outcomes were overall complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 1–5), Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infections (SSI), length of stay, POD-3 serum amylase, readmission rate, and mortality. Results: Major complications were comparable (8.6%, 5.7%, and 8.6% in groups H, I, and P, respectively). However, overall complications were significantly lower in group H than in group P (45.7% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.006). CR-POPF (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371), PPH (8.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.710), DGE (8.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.188), and SSI (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371) were comparable between groups H and P. Major complications and overall complications in group I were 5.7% and 60.0%, respectively, which were comparable to those in groups P and H. CR-POPF rates in groups H, I, and P were 14.3%, 17.1%, and 25.7%, respectively, which was comparable. Conclusions H and I did not decrease major complications in PD.

Background: s/Aims: This trial evaluated whether anti-inflammatory agents hydrocortisone (H) and indomethacin (I) could reduce major complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Between June 2018 and June 2020, 105 patients undergoing PD with > 40% of acini on the intraoperative frozen section were randomized into three groups (35 patients per group): 1) intravenous H 100 mg 8 hourly, 2) rectal I suppository 100 mg 12 hourly, and 3) placebo (P) from postoperative day (POD) 0–2. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was major complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 3–5). Secondary outcomes were overall complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 1–5), Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infections (SSI), length of stay, POD-3 serum amylase, readmission rate, and mortality. Results: Major complications were comparable (8.6%, 5.7%, and 8.6% in groups H, I, and P, respectively). However, overall complications were significantly lower in group H than in group P (45.7% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.006). CR-POPF (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371), PPH (8.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.710), DGE (8.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.188), and SSI (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371) were comparable between groups H and P. Major complications and overall complications in group I were 5.7% and 60.0%, respectively, which were comparable to those in groups P and H. CR-POPF rates in groups H, I, and P were 14.3%, 17.1%, and 25.7%, respectively, which was comparable. Conclusions H and I did not decrease major complications in PD.

Background: s/Aims: This trial evaluated whether anti-inflammatory agents hydrocortisone (H) and indomethacin (I) could reduce major complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Between June 2018 and June 2020, 105 patients undergoing PD with > 40% of acini on the intraoperative frozen section were randomized into three groups (35 patients per group): 1) intravenous H 100 mg 8 hourly, 2) rectal I suppository 100 mg 12 hourly, and 3) placebo (P) from postoperative day (POD) 0–2. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was major complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 3–5). Secondary outcomes were overall complications (Clavien–Dindo grades 1–5), Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), surgical site infections (SSI), length of stay, POD-3 serum amylase, readmission rate, and mortality. Results: Major complications were comparable (8.6%, 5.7%, and 8.6% in groups H, I, and P, respectively). However, overall complications were significantly lower in group H than in group P (45.7% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.006). CR-POPF (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371), PPH (8.6% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.710), DGE (8.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.188), and SSI (14.3% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.371) were comparable between groups H and P. Major complications and overall complications in group I were 5.7% and 60.0%, respectively, which were comparable to those in groups P and H. CR-POPF rates in groups H, I, and P were 14.3%, 17.1%, and 25.7%, respectively, which was comparable. Conclusions H and I did not decrease major complications in PD.

Objective: To explore the quantitative estimation of biomarkers gallic acid and berberine in polyherbal formulation Entoban syrup. Methods: High performance thin layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the presence of gallic acid and berberine employing toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: methanol 12:9:4:0.5 (v/v/v/v) and ethanol: water: formic acid 90:9:1 (v/v/v), as a mobile phase respectively. Results: The R

At present, a variety of vaccines have been approved, and existing antiviral drugs are being tested to find an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no standardized treatment has yet been approved by the World Health Organization. The virally encoded chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL^pro) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which facilitates the replication of SARS-CoV in the host cells, is one potential pharmacological target for the development of anti-SARS drugs. Online search engines, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, were used to retrieve data on the traditional uses of medicinal plants and their inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV 3CL^pro. Various pure compounds, including polyphenols, terpenoids, chalcones, alkaloids, biflavonoids, flavanones, anthraquinones and glycosides, have shown potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL^pro activity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 2-44 µg/mL. Interestingly, most of these active compounds, including xanthoangelol E (isolated from Angelica keiskei), dieckol 1 (isolated from Ecklonia cava), amentoflavone (isolated from Torreya nucifera), celastrol, pristimerin, tingenone and iguesterin (isolated from Tripterygium regelii), tannic acid (isolated from Camellia sinensis), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, 3-isotheaflav1in-3 gallate and dihydrotanshinone I (isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza), had IC₅₀ values of less than 15 µg/mL. Kinetic mechanistic studies of several active compounds revealed that their mode of inhibition was dose-dependent and competitive, with K_i values ranging from 2.4-43.8 μmol/L. Given the significance of plant-based compounds and the many promising results obtained, there is still need to explore the phytochemical and mechanistic potentials of plants and their products. These medicinal plants could serve as an effective inexpensive nutraceutical for the general public to help manage COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 ; Plants, Medicinal ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment